betonen German · revision 35318

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=18th century|origins=grc τείνω}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /bəˈtoːnən/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''betonen''' (third-person singular present betont, past tense betonte, past participle betont, auxiliary haben)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It was formed in the 18th century [[af|de|be-|Ton]], from the noun in the sense “stress, accent”.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|862)^(Paul 2002)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ That noun is [[gmh|dōn]] or [[m|gmh|tōn|t=melody, song, sound]], from [[la|tonus|t=tension of a string; tone]];^(Kluge 2011|920)^(Duden 7 2020|862) Old High German still used the Latin form.^(Kluge 2011|920)^(Duden 7 2020|862) The Latin word is from [[grc|τόνος|tr=tónos|t=stretching, tension]], from [[m|grc|τείνω|tr=teínō|t=to stretch]], which is related to [[dehnen]].^(Kluge 2011|920)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|862) Pfeifer adds that the borrowed word fell together with a native one, [[goh|tuni|t=din, roaring]] (11th century), the same as [[ang|dyne]] and [[en|din]], so that the Middle High German noun could also mean noise.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Adelung (1793) records the verb as a term of grammar, for putting the stress on a syllable, and sets a ''betonte Sylbe'' against an unstressed one.^(Adelung 1793)^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From the beginning of the 19th century the verb also meant “to emphasise, bring out”, as in Gutzkow.^(Paul 2002) The past participle ''betont'' then came to mean “emphatic” and even “deliberate, exaggerated”, as in ''mit betonter Nachlässigkeit'' “with studied carelessness”.^(Paul 2002) Goethe also used the verb for setting a text to music: ''von Gluck betont'', set by Gluck.^(DWB|1, 1705) The noun ''Betonung'' is also from the 18th century.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 18th century – ''betonen'' and ''Betonung'' are formed.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|862)

+ * 1793 – Adelung records ''eine Sylbe betonen'' as a grammatical term.^(Adelung 1793)^(Paul 2002)

+ * early 19th century – The sense “to emphasise” appears.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|stress]] a syllable or word in speaking or singing: ''Sie betonte den Namen auf der zweiten Silbe.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|emphasise]], point out with force: ''Der Bürgermeister betonte, dass die Brücke saniert werde.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To make something stand out, [[m|en|accentuate]] it: ''Das Kleid betont die Schultern.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Betonung]]

+ * [[betont]]

+ * [[unbetont]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Ton]]

+ * [[tönen]]

+ * [[en|tone]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}