Vorstand German · revision 35317

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=15th century|origins=ine-pro *steh₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * [ˈfoːɐ̯ʃtant]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Vorstand''' ''m'' (genitive Vorstandes or Vorstands, plural Vorstände)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|vürstant|t=representative, guarantor]],^(Paul 2002)^(DWB|26, 1646) a noun formed from the verb [[vorstehen]], with the stem of [[Stand]].^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE)^(Paul 2002) The same formation is [[dum|vorestant]].^(DWB|26, 1646)

+

+ The stem with /n/ is [[gem-pro|*standaną|t=to stand]], seen in [[got|𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽|tr=standan]], [[non|standa]] and [[ang|standan]], the source of [[en|stand]]; the nasal was at first found only in the present, as [[m|ang|stōd|t=stood]] shows.^(Pfeifer 1993) The root is [[ine-pro|*steh₂-|t=to stand]], also in [[la|stō|t=to stand]], [[grc|ἵστημι|tr=hístēmi|t=to make stand]] and [[lt|stoti|t=to stand up]].^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Paul and the Grimms' dictionary give Middle High German ''vürstant'' in the sense “representative, guarantor”, and Pfeifer dates the sense “defender, guarantor” to the 15th century.^(Paul 2002)^(DWB|26, 1646)^(Pfeifer 1993) The Zurich dictionary of Josua Maaler renders ''Vorstand'' as Latin ''principatus'', leadership.^(DWB|26, 1646)^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the older language the word had many abstract senses: standing before someone, especially a personal appearance before a court; then, in the language of business, security or bail, as in ''einen Vorstand machen'' “to give security”; support or furtherance; defence; and a first place or precedence.^(DWB|26, 1646)^(Adelung 1793)^(Pfeifer 1993) These have nearly all died out.^(DWB|26, 1646)

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+ The personal sense grew from the idea of precedence.^(DWB|26, 1646) Adelung (1793) calls ''Vorstand'' for a person who presides old-fashioned in High German, and Campe calls it regional, but in the 19th century it became common both for a single head and for a managing committee.^(DWB|26, 1646) Pfeifer dates the sense “board, leader” to the beginning of the 19th century.^(Pfeifer 1993) The Grimms put its spread down to the rise of companies and associations.^(DWB|26, 1646)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 15th century – First record of the sense “defender, guarantor”.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 16th century – Recorded for standing before another, surety and precedence.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DWB|26, 1646)

+ * 1587 – ''einen vorstand machen'' “to give security” in a Latin dictionary.^(DWB|26, 1646)

+ * 1793 – Adelung calls the personal sense old-fashioned.^(Adelung 1793)

+ * early 19th century – ''Vorstand'' means a board or a leader.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1824 – A newspaper dictionary defines it as the chairman of a college.^(DWB|26, 1646)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|board]] of a company or association, the body that manages and represents it: ''Der Vorstand des Tennisvereins trifft sich einmal im Monat.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A member of such a board, a [[m|en|director]]: ''Sie ist seit Januar Vorstand für Finanzen.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(especially Austria)'' The head of an office, especially a [[Bahnhofsvorsteher|alt=station master]].^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Vorständin]]

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vorstehen]]

+ * [[Vorsteher]]

+ * [[Stand]]

+ * [[stehen]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The Grimms note that in northern Germany ''Vorstand'' was used mostly of the committee, while in southern Germany every member of it could be called and addressed as ''Vorstand''.^(DWB|26, 1646) The feminine is ''Vorständin''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}