Konzert German · revision 35311

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1619, Praetorius, Syntagma musicum|origins=la cernō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /kɔnˈtsɛɐ̯t/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Konzert''' ''n'' (genitive Konzertes or Konzerts, plural Konzerte)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|it|concerto]], borrowed at the beginning of the 17th century.^(Kluge 2011|530)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|468) Pfeifer notes that German took the Italian word with a Latinised pronunciation.^(Pfeifer 1993) The Italian noun belongs to [[m|it|concertare|t=to compete; to agree, arrange]], from [[la|concertō|t=to contend, vie]], formed with [[m|la|con-]] from [[m|la|certō|t=to fight, contend]], which goes back through [[m|la|certus|t=decided, certain]] to [[m|la|cernō|t=to separate, decide]].^(Kluge 2011|530)^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch)

+

+ Kluge, the Deutsches Fremdwörterbuch and the Duden dictionary of foreign words take the Italian noun to mean properly a contest, of the voices or players.^(Kluge 2011|530)^(DFWB)^(Duden Fremdwörterbuch 2007) By contrast, Pfeifer and the Duden etymological dictionary start from the Church Latin sense “to work together”, which gave the Italian verb the meaning “to agree on something” and the noun the meaning “agreement”; in the 16th century the Italian words were applied to music, as “bringing the voices into harmony” and “harmony”, and then to a piece for several instruments and voices and its performance.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|468) The same word is [[nl|concert]], [[en|concert]], [[fr|concert]] and [[sv|konsert]].^(Kluge 2011|530)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The word became known in Germany through Lodovico Viadana's sacred concertos of 1604 and was used from then on for pieces for several voices and instruments.^(DFWB) In 1619 Michael Praetorius explains that the Italians call such a piece ''Concetto'' or ''Concerto'' and that in German it is ''ein Concert''.^(DFWB)^(Paul 2002)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Praetorius also used the word for passages in which the best singers and players of an ensemble answer one another and compete, each trying to outdo the other; these solo performances, seen as a contest of the finest artists, explain the later use of ''Konzert'' for a whole musical performance.^(DFWB) The verb ''konzertieren'' “to give a concert” was taken from Italian in the 17th century, and the adjective ''konzertant'' followed in the 19th.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|468)

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+ Under the influence of French, ''konzertieren'' was used in the 18th and 19th centuries in administration for “to agree, arrange”.^(Paul 2002)^(Duden 7 2020|468) In the same way ''Konzert'' meant “agreement, accord”, above all in the catchword ''Europäisches Konzert'' for the concert of the great powers, taken from French and recorded in 1848 in Berthold Auerbach.^(DFWB)^(Paul 2002) The participle survives in ''konzertierte Aktion'', a phrase coined in 1966 by the economics minister Karl Schiller after English ''concerted action'' or French ''action concertée''.^(Paul 2002)^(Duden 7 2020|468) Hungarian borrowed ''koncert'' in 1753.^(LWP)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1604 – Lodovico Viadana's sacred concertos make the Italian word known.^(DFWB)

+ * 1619 – First German record, in Praetorius's ''Syntagma musicum''.^(DFWB)^(Paul 2002)

+ * 17th century – ''konzertieren'' “to give a concert” is borrowed from Italian.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1753 – Hungarian ''koncert'' is first recorded.^(LWP)

+ * 1848 – ''Europäisches Konzert'' “the concert of Europe” appears in Auerbach.^(DFWB)

+ * 19th century – The adjective ''konzertant'' is formed.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1966 – Karl Schiller coins ''konzertierte Aktion''.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|concerto]]: a composition in several movements for one or more solo instruments and [[m|en|orchestra]]: ''ein Konzert für Violine und Orchester''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|concert]]: a performance of one or more pieces of music, usually in public: ''Am Samstag gehen wir ins Konzert.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(elevated)'' The [[m|en|interplay]] or concerted action of several forces, powers or factors: ''Das Land will im Konzert der großen Wirtschaftsnationen mitspielen.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Duden Fremdwörterbuch 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[konzertieren]]

+ * [[konzertant]]

+ * [[Klavierkonzert]]

+ * [[Wunschkonzert]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Konzern]]

+ * [[en|concert]]

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+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Konzertierte Aktion'', “concerted action”, was the name of the talks between government, employers and trade unions set up in 1966; the phrase was revived in 1991 for talks about the economy of the former GDR.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}