russisch German · revision 35307

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Middle High German|origins=orv Русь}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈʁʊsɪʃ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''russisch''' (strong nominative masculine singular russischer, comparative russischer, superlative am russischsten)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|rūzesch]], a Central German adjective formed from [[m|gmh|Rūz|t=a Russian]], which continues [[goh|Rūzo]].^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary) The name came from [[la-med|Russus]], from [[gkm|Ῥῶς|tr=Rhôs]], from [[orv|Русь|tr=Rusĭ]], which the Duden dictionary traces back to Old Norse.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary) The Grimms' dictionary explains that the name first belonged to a Scandinavian people who conquered Russia and organised it as a state, and that Finnish still calls the Swedes by it; it tentatively connected the name with the Germanic word for fame.^(DWB|14, 1539) Today the adjective is analysed [[af|de|Russe|-isch]].^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''Rūzo'' “Russian” is found only in the glosses.^(Schützeichel 2012|269) The Grimms' dictionary thinks the name may already appear in a gloss of the 12th century, and Middle High German has ''Rûʒ'' and ''Riuʒe'', as in ''ze Riuzen'' “in Russia” in Hartmann's ''Iwein''.^(DWB|14, 1539)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The Middle High German form with umlaut lived on as ''Reuße'', which Frisch still glosses with Latin ''Russi'' and ''Rutheni''.^(DWB|14, 1539)^(Wiktionary) In technical language ''russisch'' named things that came from Russia: ''russischer Hanf'' for the castor-oil plant, ''russisches Glas'' for a kind of mica used in Siberia for windows, and ''russisches Einhorn'' for a gun used by the Russians in the Seven Years' War.^(DWB|14, 1543) Paul lists among the German words borrowed from Russian [[Datscha]], [[Steppe]], [[Wodka]] and [[Zobel]].^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|Russian]]: relating to [[m|en|Russia]] or the Russians, coming from them or belonging to them: ''Sie hat russische Großeltern.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # In the Russian language: ''ein russisch geschriebener Brief''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''Russisch'' (neuter): the Russian language, also as a school subject: ''Er lernt seit drei Jahren Russisch.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Russisch]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Russe]]

+ * [[Russland]]

+ * [[Reuße]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}