finanziell German · revision 35295

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1814|origins=la fīnis}}

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+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˌfinanˈt͡si̯ɛl/^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Forms==

+ '''finanziell''' (strong nominative masculine singular finanzieller, not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|de|Finanz|-iell]], a formation on the French model rather than a borrowing,^(Duden 7 2007)^(Duden Fremdwörterbuch 2007)^(Wiktionary DE) though Pfeifer sets [[fr|financiel]] beside it.^(Pfeifer 1993)

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+ The noun [[Finanzen]] “funds, state finances”, recorded from the second half of the 17th century, comes from [[m|fr|finances|t=payments, funds]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2007) Pfeifer derives the French noun from [[fro|finer|t=to end, pay]], from [[la-vul|*fīnō]], from [[la|fīnis|t=boundary, end]], which in Late Latin also meant “tax, revenue”.^(Pfeifer 1993) Duden traces it to [[la-med|finantia]], originally the neuter plural of the present participle of a Medieval Latin verb meaning “to come to an end”, so “what falls due”, perhaps on the model of [[grc|τέλος|tr=télos|t=end]], whose plural also meant “dues, taxes”.^(Duden 7 2007)

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+ An older singular noun of the same form, meaning “money-lending, interest” and mostly used in the bad sense “usury, fraud”, goes back to [[la-med|financia|t=rent, tax]].^(Pfeifer 1993) Under French influence it also meant state revenue from about 1600, before the plural replaced it in that sense.^(Pfeifer 1993)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The revised Grimm dictionary first records the adjective in 1814, in K. E. Schmid: ''in bloßer finanzieller rücksicht'' “from a purely financial point of view”, in the sense “relating to revenue and expenditure”.^(DWB2|9, 496) Pfeifer dates it to the 19th century.^(Pfeifer 1993)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The adjective first referred to public finances and their management, as when an 1889 legal history describes the duties of a village mayor as judicial, administrative, financial and military.^(DWB2|9, 496) By 1839 it also meant simply “pecuniary”, of money in general, as in ''finanzielles Opfer'' and ''finanzielle Mittel''.^(DWB2|9, 496) Real loans from French in the same family are [[Finanzier]] (18th century) and [[finanzieren]] (18th–19th century).^(Duden 7 2007)^(Pfeifer 1993)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * 14th century – The older noun appears in Cologne as ''financie''.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * c. 1600 – ''Finanz'' is used for state revenue.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * Second half of the 17th century – The plural ''Finanzen'' is recorded.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1814 – First record of ''finanziell''.^(DWB2|9, 496)

+ * 1839 – The adjective is used in the general sense “pecuniary”.^(DWB2|9, 496)

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+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|financial|alt=Financial]], relating to money or finances: ''Der Verein steckt in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # As an adverb, in money terms: ''Sie ist von ihren Eltern finanziell unabhängig.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Finanz]]

+ * [[Finanzen]]

+ * [[finanzieren]]

+ * [[Finanzier]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}