dein German · revision 35291

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=late 8th century, Old High German Isidor|origins=ine-pro *téynos}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /daɪ̯n/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dein''' ''m'' (feminine deine, neuter dein, plural deine)^(Wiktionary)

+ ''Dein'' was also the genitive of [[du]]; from the 16th century the inflected form ''deiner'' appeared beside it, and it has prevailed since the 19th century.^(Paul 2002)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ The weak declension of the possessive begins only in the 13th century and remained an exception.^(DWB|2, 910)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|dīn]], [[inh|goh|dīn]], [[inh|gem-pro|*þīnaz|t=your]].^(Kluge 2011|186)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary) The same word is [[got|𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃|tr=þeins]], [[non|þinn]], [[ang|þīn]], [[osx|thīn]] and [[ofs|thīn]], and it continues in [[nl|dijn]], [[sv|din]], [[is|þinn]] and [[en|thine]].^(Kluge 2011|186)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DWB2|6, 565)

+

+ It goes back to [[ine-pro|*téynos]],^(Wiktionary) an adjective with the suffix [[ine-pro|*-nos]] formed on [[ine-pro|*tei]], a locative of the stem of the second-person pronoun seen in the oblique forms of [[du]], so originally “being with you”, then “belonging to you”.^(Kluge 2011|186)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DWB2|6, 565) Kluge takes *tei to be an originally enclitic pronoun stem, found in [[hit|-ti]] and Old Latin [[m|la|tīs]].^(Kluge 2011|186)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The possessive is recorded from the late 8th century, in the Old High German Isidor: ''mit dhinem faterum'' “with your fathers”.^(DWB2|6, 565)^(Kluge 2011|186) It is common in the glosses of the 8th and 9th centuries and in nearly all Old High German texts, Köbler counting more than two thousand instances.^(Köbler AHD)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Already in Old High German the possessive could be used after the definite article as a noun, and in the plural it came to mean one's family: Platen writes ''zeuch in frieden samt den deinen'', and ''die Deinigen'' is recorded from 1551.^(Paul 2002) Middle High German put it before a name, as in ''ich bin, herre, dîn Alyse'', which led to the closing formula of letters, ''dein aufrichtiger Schiller''.^(Paul 2002) Predicative use is now rare, as in Luther's Lord's Prayer: ''Denn dein ist das Reich''.^(Paul 2002)^(DWB|2, 910)

+

+ In ''deinetwegen'', ''deinethalben'' and ''deinetwillen'' the /t/ was inserted in late Middle High German or Early New High German to ease pronunciation, replacing older forms such as ''deinenthalben''.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 8th century – The Old High German Isidor uses ''dhin''.^(DWB2|6, 565)

+ * 863–871 – Otfrid uses ''thinen''.^(DWB2|6, 565)

+ * Before 1022 – Notker writes ''tînen namen'' “your name”.^(DWB2|6, 565)

+ * 13th century – Weak forms of the possessive begin to appear.^(DWB|2, 910)

+ * 1551 – First record of ''die Deinigen'' “your family”.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 16th century – The genitive ''deiner'' appears beside ''dein''.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Determiner===

+ # [[m|en|your|alt=Your]], [[m|en|thy]]: belonging to or associated with the person addressed as ''du'': ''Ist das dein Fahrrad?''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Without a noun, yours: ''Ist der Schirm meiner oder deiner?''^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # ''(formal)'' As a noun: ''die Deinen'' your family, ''das Deine'' what belongs to you or is your duty, ''der Deine'' or ''die Deine'' your husband or wife.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[deinetwegen]]

+ * [[deinethalben]]

+ * [[deinetwillen]]

+ * [[Deinige]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[du]]

+ * [[dich]]

+ * [[dir]]

+ * [[mein]]

+ * [[en|thine]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ In letters the possessive is often capitalised as ''Dein'', and it closes a letter before the writer's name, as in ''Deine Anna''.^(Wiktionary)^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}