unterschiedlich German · revision 35287

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Old High German|origins=gem-pro *skaiþaną}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈʊntɐˌʃiːtlɪç/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''unterschiedlich''' (strong nominative masculine singular unterschiedlicher, comparative unterschiedlicher, superlative am unterschiedlichsten)^(Wiktionary)

+ Several older forms merged in the modern one: ''unterscheidlich'' became obsolete in the 17th century but survives in dialects.^(DWB|24, 1772) ''Unterscheidenlich'', ''unterscheidentlich'' and ''unterschiedentlich'' are obsolete or rare.^(DWB|24, 1772) ''Unterschidlich'' was mainly Upper German.^(DWB|24, 1772)

+ Standard German stresses the second syllable, while Swiss dialects stress the first (''únderschidlig'').^(DWB|24, 1772)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|de|Unterschied|-lich]].^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE) The modern form continues [[goh|untarsceidlīh]] (adverb [[m|goh|untarsceidlīhho]]), [[gmh|underscheidelich]], [[m|gmh|underscheidenlich]] and [[m|gmh|underschiedlich]], formed partly from the verb [[unterscheiden]] and partly from the noun; [[gml|underschêdelik]] and [[dum|onderscheidelijc]] are parallel, as is [[nl|onderscheidelijk]].^(DWB|24, 1772)^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ The noun continues [[gmh|underschiet]] beside the older [[m|gmh|underscheit]] and [[goh|untarskeid]] (8th century), and belongs to the verb, [[goh|untarskeidan]], from [[unter]] and [[scheiden]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)^(Duden 7 2020|728) The simple verb goes back to [[gem-pro|*skaiþaną|t=to separate]], also in [[got|𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽|tr=skaidan]] and [[ang|scēadan]]; it is related to [[la|scindō|t=to split]] and [[grc|σχίζω|tr=skhízō|t=to split]], though the forms of the family are not uniform.^(Kluge 2011|798)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''untarsceidlīh'' and the adverb ''untarsceidlīhho'' already stand at the head of the word's history, and Middle High German had a range of forms such as ''underscheidelich'' and ''underschiedlich''.^(DWB|24, 1772) Paul dates the modern form to Middle High German.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Until the 18th century ''unterschiedlich'' did the work of the newer [[verschieden]], meaning both “different” and “several, various”;^(DWB|24, 1772)^(Adelung 1793) Adelung's examples include the “divers tongues” of 1 Corinthians 14 and ''Ich habe dir noch unterschiedliches zu sagen'', “I have various things to tell you”.^(DWB|24, 1772)^(Adelung 1793) Kant still used it for “distinct”.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ Afterwards ''verschieden'' narrowed its use considerably: Adelung and Campe assigned ''unterschiedlich'' mainly to everyday speech, and the purist Heynatz denied it to good writers altogether.^(DWB|24, 1772)^(Adelung 1793) Yet it never left the written language, and the Grimm dictionary judges it superior to the newer word in pointed and ironic use.^(DWB|24, 1772) Today it is the ordinary word for things that differ from one another.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Old High German – ''untarsceidlīh'' and the adverb ''untarsceidlīhho'' are formed.^(DWB|24, 1772)

+ * Middle High German – ''underscheidelich'', ''underschiedlich'' and other forms.^(DWB|24, 1772)^(Paul 2002)

+ * 17th century – The form ''unterscheidlich'' becomes obsolete in the standard language.^(DWB|24, 1772)

+ * 18th century – ''Verschieden'' takes over much of its use.^(DWB|24, 1772)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|different]], differing, not alike: ''Die Geschwister haben sehr unterschiedliche Interessen.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Varying from case to case: ''Die Preise sind je nach Region unterschiedlich.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Adverb===

+ # Differently, in varying ways or degrees: ''Die beiden Teams wurden unterschiedlich bewertet.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Unterschiedlichkeit]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Unterschied]]

+ * [[unterscheiden]]

+ * [[verschieden]]

+ * [[scheiden]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}