Satz German · revision 35276

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=10th century, Old High German glosses|origins=ine-pro *sed-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /zat͡s/, /sat͡s/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Satz''' ''m'' (genitive Satzes, plural Sätze)^(Wiktionary)

+ A plural without umlaut is found until the 17th century.^(DWB|14, 1837)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|saz]] (also [[m|gmh|satz]]), found earlier only in compounds such as [[goh|ursaz]] and [[m|goh|bīsaz]], from about 900.^(Kluge 2011|788)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DWB|14, 1837) The noun exists only in German.^(Duden 7 2020|717) Pfeifer and Duden treat it as a noun formed to [[setzen]], and so in ablaut with [[sitzen]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|717) Kluge separates the old sense “position, situation”, which he takes as the abstract noun of the verb meaning “sit”, from the senses “leap” and “statement”, which he explains as back-formed from the verb meaning “set”, as “that which is set”.^(Kluge 2011|788)^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch)

+

+ The verb continues [[gem-pro|*satjaną|t=to set]], the causative of [[m|gem-pro|*sitjaną|t=to sit]], and is the same word as [[got|𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽|tr=satjan]], [[non|setja]] and [[ang|settan]], whose modern form is [[en|set]].^(Kluge 2011|846) Its root is [[ine-pro|*sed-|t=to sit]].^(Kluge 2011|846)^(Köbler AHD) Wiktionary compares [[yi|זעץ|tr=zets|t=a punch]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''saz'' is found once on its own, in a 10th-century gloss, apparently in the sense “determination”.^(Köbler AHD) Middle High German ''saz'' had a wide range: the place where something is set, position, a pledge or stake in a game, what has been laid down (an ordinance, law or contract), a fixed price, an utterance, a resolve, and a leap.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Lexer 1872|2, 617)^(Duden 7 2020|717)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Duden sorts the many senses into two groups, “the act of setting” and “what is set”, and notes that few of the medieval ones survived.^(Duden 7 2020|717) The grammatical sense grew out of the Middle High German use for an arrangement of words, as in Konrad von Würzburg's ''miner worte satz''.^(Paul 2002)^(Duden 7 2020|717) Duden dates it to the 16th century, Pfeifer to the 17th;^(Duden 7 2020|717)^(Pfeifer 1993) it became a fixed term in the 18th century, when Gottsched (1749) and Adelung (1781), following the philosophy of Leibniz and Wolff, defined the ''Satz'' as the joining of a subject and a predicate.^(Paul 2002) From the logical sense came that of a proposition or theorem (''Lehrsatz'').^(Duden 7 2020|717)^(DWB|14, 1837)

+

+ The sense “leap” is already Middle High German.^(Duden 7 2020|717) Only in New High German, mostly in the 18th century, came the printer's sense (the setting of type, 1740), the musical one (a movement of a work), “a set of things that belong together” and “sediment, grounds”.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002) Hungarian borrowed the word as ''zacc'' “coffee grounds” (1900), and Norwegian as ''sats''.^(LWP)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * About 900 – Old High German compounds in ''-saz'' appear.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 10th century – Kluge's date for the word;^(Kluge 2011|788)^(Köbler AHD) Old High German ''saz'' in a gloss.^(Kluge 2011|788)^(Köbler AHD)

+ * 13th century – Konrad von Würzburg writes of ''miner worte satz''.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 16th–17th century – the grammatical sense “sentence” appears.^(Duden 7 2020|717)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1740 – first record of the printer's sense.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1781 – Adelung defines the sentence by subject and predicate.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 18th century – the senses “set”, “sediment” and “movement” are recorded.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1900 – Hungarian ''zacc'' is recorded.^(LWP)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|sentence]]: ''Der zweite Satz ist zu lang.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|proposition]], [[m|en|theorem]] or principle: ''der Satz des Thales''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(printing)'' The setting of type; the typeset matter.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(music)'' A [[m|en|movement]] of a larger work; also the way a piece is set, its texture.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(official)'' A fixed rate: ''Der Satz für Übernachtungen wurde erhöht.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # A [[m|en|set]] of things that belong together: ''ein Satz Schraubenschlüssel''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(hunting)'' A litter of hares or rabbits.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # ''(computing)'' A data record.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # [[m|en|sediment|alt=Sediment]], grounds: ''der Satz im Weinglas''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(tennis, volleyball, table tennis)'' A set: ''Sie gewann den dritten Satz.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|leap]] or bound: ''Der Hund sprang mit einem Satz über den Bach.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Absatz]]

+ * [[Ansatz]]

+ * [[Aufsatz]]

+ * [[Einsatz]]

+ * [[Ersatz]]

+ * [[Gegensatz]]

+ * [[Grundsatz]]

+ * [[Lehrsatz]]

+ * [[Nebensatz]]

+ * [[Hauptsatz]]

+ * [[Bodensatz]]

+ * [[Satzung]]

+ * [[Umsatz]]

+ * [[Vorsatz]]

+ * [[Zusatz]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[setzen]]

+ * [[sitzen]]

+ * [[Gesetz]]

+ * [[en|set]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}