innerhalb German · revision 35273

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=11th century}}

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+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈɪnɐhalp/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''innerhalb'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|innerhalp]], [[inh|goh|innerūnhalp]], also [[m|goh|ininhalb]] and [[m|goh|innanhalb]], literally “on the inner side”.^(Kluge 2011|445)^(Pfeifer 1993) The phrase joins an inflected form of the adjective [[m|goh|innaro|t=inner]] and [[m|goh|halba|t=side, direction]], the word in [[-halb]] and [[halb]].^(Kluge 2011|445)^(Pfeifer 1993)

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+ The adjective [[inner]] is a comparative formation to the adverb [[m|goh|inne|t=inside]], from the preposition [[in]], which goes back to [[ine-pro|*en|t=in]], as in [[grc|ἐν|tr=en]] and [[la|in]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kluge 2011|445) Formed the same way are [[außerhalb]], [[oberhalb]] and [[unterhalb]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Pfeifer dates Old High German ''innarūnhalb'' to about 1000;^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kluge 2011|445) Kluge dates the word to the 11th century.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kluge 2011|445) Middle High German ''innerhalbe'' “inside, within, in the middle” appears from the second half of the 12th century.^(Köbler MHD) The Nibelungenlied has ''innerthalben'' as an adverb, and Hartmann's ''Iwein'' ''inrehalp dem tor'' “inside the gate” as a preposition with the dative.^(DWB|10, 2132)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The Grimms list three uses: an adverb of place, “on the inner side” (Maaler glosses ''innerthalb'' with Latin ''intrinsecus, intra''), a rare adverb of time, “meanwhile”, used by Luther, and most often a preposition of place or of an abstract range, with the dative or the genitive.^(DWB|10, 2132) Early New High German shows the same adverb and preposition, also with an added dental, ''innerthalb''.^(FWB)

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+ Adelung gives the preposition with the genitive, both of place (''innerhalb der Stadt'') and of time: the time needed to finish something, or a coming period counted from now.^(Adelung 1793) He notes ''inner'', ''innert'' and ''innerwärts'' as the Upper German equivalents and ''binnen'' as the Low German one.^(Adelung 1793)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1000 – Old High German ''innarūnhalb'' is recorded.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 2nd half of the 12th century – Middle High German ''innerhalbe'' appears in ''Himmelreich''.^(Köbler MHD)

+ * c. 1200 – The Nibelungenlied uses ''innerthalben''.^(DWB|10, 2132)^(Köbler MHD)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Preposition===

+ # ''(with genitive)'' [[m|en|within]], [[m|en|inside]]: in a bounded space or area: ''innerhalb der Altstadt'', ''innerhalb der Partei''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(with genitive)'' Within a period of time, in the course of: ''innerhalb eines Monats''.^(Duden GWDS 1999) With the dative when the genitive cannot be seen: ''innerhalb zwei Tagen''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

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+ ===Adverb===

+ # ''(with von)'' Inside, in the area of: ''innerhalb von Hamburg''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(with von)'' In the course of, within: ''innerhalb von drei Wochen''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[unterhalb]]

+ * [[oberhalb]]

+ * [[inner]]

+ * [[innen]]

+ * [[außerhalb]]

+ * [[binnen]]

+ * [[halb]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}