Klub German · revision 35271

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1750, Ramler's letters to Gleim|origins=enm clubbe}}

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+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /klʊp/^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Forms==

+ '''Klub''' ''m'' (genitive Klubs, plural Klubs)^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|en|club]], taken over in the middle of the 18th century as one of the first English words of social life, together with the custom of such closed societies.^(Kluge 2011|502)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DFWB) The English word properly means a cudgel: it is [[enm|clubbe]], probably from [[non|klubba|t=cudgel, club]], a relative of [[Klumpen]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2014|456)^(Duden GWDS 1999)

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+ How a cudgel came to mean a society is disputed.^(Kluge 2011|502) Duden and the GWDS explain it by an old custom of sending round a notched stick or a club as the invitation to a meeting;^(Duden 7 2014|456)^(Duden GWDS 1999) Kluge mentions this beside a development from “formed into a lump” to “mass” and so to “society”.^(Kluge 2011|502) Pfeifer derives the sense from the English verb, “to form into a round mass”, then “to join together”.^(Pfeifer 1993)

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+ The masculine gender, against the feminine of the 18th century, is due to [[fr|club]], the word for the political clubs of the French Revolution.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kluge 2011|502) The same loan is [[nl|club]], [[sv|klubb]] and [[is|klúbbur]].^(Kluge 2011|502)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record is in Karl Wilhelm Ramler's letters to Gleim of 1750, as a feminine: ''wir wollen unsre Clubb wieder aufrichten'' “we want to set up our club again”.^(DFWB)^(WGd)^(Paul 2002) It meant a regular gathering of people with literary or learned interests.^(Paul 2002)^(DFWB)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The word was at first confined to northern and central Germany, while the south used [[Kasino]].^(Kluge 2011|502)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DFWB) Its history consists of successive borrowings: the English sense “society meeting regularly” in the middle of the 18th century, the French political sense at the time of the French Revolution, and, from the middle of the 19th century, borrowed again from English, the sports club.^(WGd)^(Paul 2002) The Jacobin Club at first gave the word a bad name, as in Schubart's ''Clubb tükischer Samler'' (1785), but this faded, and compounds such as ''Leseklub'', ''Schachklub'' and ''Montagsklub'' became common.^(DWB|11, 1257) In Austria ''Klub'' is also the parliamentary group of a party.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary) Hungarian borrowed ''klub'' in 1790 in the sense of a political party.^(LWP)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1750 – Ramler writes of ''die Clubb'' in letters to Gleim.^(DFWB)^(WGd)

+ * 1760 – Lessing writes ''unsern Klub''.^(DFWB)

+ * 1785 – Schubart uses ''Clubb'' contemptuously of a gang.^(DWB|11, 1257)

+ * 1790 – Hungarian ''klub'' “political party”.^(LWP)

+ * Late 18th century – the political sense, after the clubs of the French Revolution.^(WGd)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * Mid-19th century – the sense “sports club”, borrowed again from English.^(WGd)

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+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|club]], an association of people with common interests or aims: ''Er ist vor zwei Jahren einem Tennisklub beigetreten.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(colloquial)'' A clique, a group of people: ''Da habt ihr euch ja einen schönen Klub zusammengesucht!''^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # The house or rooms where a club meets: ''Wir treffen uns heute Abend im Klub.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # ''(Austria)'' The parliamentary group of a party.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Klubhaus]]

+ * [[Fußballklub]]

+ * [[Nachtklub]]

+ * [[Klubmitglied]]

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Club]]

+ * [[Kasino]]

+ * [[Klumpen]]

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+ ==Usage notes==

+ The English spelling ''Club'' is also used, especially in the names of clubs.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}