modern German · revision 35264

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1675, Sandrart's Teutsche Academie|origins=la modus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /moˈdɛʁn/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''modern''' (strong nominative masculine singular moderner, comparative moderner, superlative am modernsten)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|fr|moderne]], borrowed for good at the beginning of the 18th century,^(Kluge 2011|629)^(Duden 7 2020|561)^(DFWB)^(WGd) from [[la-lat|modernus|t=current, present, new]], from [[m|la|modo|t=only, just; just now]], an adverb that was originally the ablative of [[m|la|modus|t=measure, manner]].^(Kluge 2011|629)^(Duden 7 2020|561)^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch) The same word is [[nl|modern]], [[en|modern]] and [[sv|modern]].^(Kluge 2011|629) It belongs with [[Modus]]; its link with [[Mode]] “fashion” is a later association, not its origin.^(Kluge 2011|629)^(DFWB)^(Duden 7 2020|561)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Isolated records come before the borrowing: Paracelsus has ''modernisch'' in 1566, and Furttenbach in 1627 a palace built ''alla moderna''.^(DFWB)^(Paul 2002) The WGd places the first record of ''modern'' in 1675, in Sandrart's ''Teutsche Academie''.^(WGd) Its first meaning was “new, of the present time”.^(DFWB)^(Duden 7 2020|561)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the 18th century ''modern'' was used above all in contrast to [[antik]], borrowed at the same time;^(DFWB)^(Paul 2002) Wieland rendered it with ''heutig'' and ''neu''.^(DFWB)^(Paul 2002) Schiller wrote in 1781 that all his characters spoke ''zu modern, zu aufgeklärt für die damalige Zeit'' “too modern, too enlightened for that time”.^(Paul 2002)^(DFWB) After the ''Querelle des Anciens et des Modernes'' (1687) it became a term for an epoch in aesthetics, and Schiller and Friedrich Schlegel used ''antik'' and ''modern'' for two basic kinds of poetry.^(Paul 2002) The noun ''ein Moderner'' (1668) echoes the medieval Latin pair ''antiqui'' and ''moderni''.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ Under the influence of [[Mode]] it came to mean “fashionable, up to date”, so that the word could express approval of the latest taste or rejection of it.^(DFWB)^(Duden 7 2020|561) The noun ''die Moderne'' “modern times; modernism in the arts” dates from the 19th century, ''hochmodern'' from 1884.^(Duden 7 2020|561)^(Paul 2002) [[modernisieren]] (18th century) is from French ''moderniser''.^(Duden 7 2020|561) Hungarian borrowed ''modern'' in 1799.^(LWP)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1566 – Paracelsus uses ''modernisch''.^(DFWB)^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1668 – ''ein Moderner'' is recorded.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1675 – ''modern'' in Sandrart's ''Teutsche Academie''.^(WGd)

+ * Early 18th century – the adjective is borrowed from French for good.^(Duden 7 2020|561)^(DFWB)

+ * 1781 – Schiller finds his characters' speech ''zu modern''.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1799 – Hungarian ''modern''.^(LWP)

+ * 19th century – the noun ''Moderne''.^(Duden 7 2020|561)

+ * 1884 – ''hochmodern'' is recorded.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|fashionable|alt=Fashionable]], in keeping with the latest fashion: ''Solche Hüte sind nicht mehr modern.''^(Duden Universal 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Up to date, in line with the latest state of technical or social development: ''eine moderne Küche''.^(Duden Universal 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Open to the present and its ideas: ''Sie hat sehr moderne Ansichten.''^(Duden Universal 2007)

+ # Belonging to recent or modern times: ''moderne Kunst''.^(Duden Universal 2007)^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Moderne]]

+ * [[modernisieren]]

+ * [[Modernisierung]]

+ * [[Modernität]]

+ * [[Modernismus]]

+ * [[hochmodern]]

+ * [[unmodern]]

+ * [[postmodern]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Mode]]

+ * [[Modus]]

+ * [[antik]]

+ * [[en|modern]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Modern'' with the stress on the first syllable, /ˈmoːdɐn/, is a different verb, “to rot, moulder”, formed from [[Moder]] “mould, decay”, a Low German word;^(Wiktionary)^(Kluge 2011|629)^(Pfeifer 1993) ''vermodern'' is found from the 15th century and simple ''modern'' from the 17th.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DWB|12, 2445)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}