Gebäude German · revision 35263

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=12th century, manuscript of an Old High German gloss|origins=ine-pro *bʰeu-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ɡəˈbɔɪ̯də/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Gebäude''' ''n'' (genitive Gebäudes, plural Gebäude)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|gebūwede]], [[inh|goh|gibūidi|t=dwelling place, settlement]] (also [[m|goh|gibūwida]]), a collective noun formed from [[bauen]], properly “that which is built”.^(Kluge 2011|337)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)^(Duden 7 2020|303) The verb is [[m|goh|būan|t=to dwell, cultivate, build]], which Köbler traces to [[ine-pro|*bʰeu-|t=to grow, become, dwell]].^(Köbler AHD)

+

+ The by-form [[Gebäu]], [[m|goh|gibūwi|t=dwelling, settlement]] (11th century), [[m|gmh|gebiuwe]], matches [[nl|gebouw|t=building]].^(Pfeifer 1993) Wiktionary compares [[yi|געבײַדע|tr=gebayde]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''gibūidi'', in a gloss preserved in a 12th-century manuscript, meant “dwelling place, settlement”;^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kluge 2011|337) Kluge dates the word to the 12th century.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kluge 2011|337) A feminine ''gibūwida'' glosses Latin ''habitatio'' “dwelling” and also “household goods”.^(DWB|4, 1655) Middle High German ''gebūwede'' meant “building”.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The form with ''ge-'' was at first Central German (Thuringian, Lusatian) and rare in Middle High German; 15th-century Upper German glossaries have only ''gebeuw'', and only in the 17th century did ''gebeude'' stand beside ''gebeu'' in Stieler.^(DWB|4, 1655) In the 18th century ''Gebäude'' displaced ''Gebäu'', which lingered into the 19th.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)^(DWB|4, 1655)

+

+ Today the word usually means a larger building.^(Duden 7 2020|303) Luther used it both for the buildings of the Temple (Matthew 24:1) and, figuratively, for a structure put together as a whole (1 Corinthians 3:9), the source of compounds such as ''Lehrgebäude'' and ''Gedankengebäude''.^(Paul 2002) In mining it names the workings of a pit (''Grubengebäude''), and Adelung records that a large cask or a ship could also be called a ''Gebäude'' in the general sense of a built thing.^(Adelung 1793|2, 444)^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 11th century – the by-form ''gibūwi''.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 12th century – Old High German ''gibūidi'' in a manuscript.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kluge 2011|337)

+ * 15th century – ''gebude'' in a Central German glossary.^(DWB|4, 1655)

+ * 16th century – Luther uses ''Gebäude'' in his Bible.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 17th century – Stieler gives ''gebeude'' beside ''gebeu''.^(DWB|4, 1655)

+ * 18th century – ''Gebäude'' displaces ''Gebäu''.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1862 – one of the last records of ''Gebäu''.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|building]], a large structure: ''Das neue Gebäude der Bibliothek hat sechs Stockwerke.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|structure]], something put together as a whole: ''ein Gebäude aus Ausreden''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # ''(mining)'' The workings of a [[m|en|mine]].^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Adelung 1793|2, 444)

+ # ''(hunting, horse breeding)'' The build or [[m|en|conformation]] of a dog or horse.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Hauptgebäude]]

+ * [[Nebengebäude]]

+ * [[Wohngebäude]]

+ * [[Lehrgebäude]]

+ * [[Gedankengebäude]]

+ * [[Gebäudekomplex]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[bauen]]

+ * [[Bau]]

+ * [[Gebäu]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}