jener German · revision 35256

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=9th century, Otfrid|origins=gem-pro *jainaz}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈjeːnɐ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''jener''' (demonstrative pronoun; feminine ''jene'', neuter ''jenes'')^(Wiktionary)^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|jener]], [[inh|goh|jenēr]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*jain]], [[inh|gem-pro|*jainaz|t=that over there]].^(Kluge 2011|456)^(Wiktionary) Related forms are [[got|𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃|tr=jains]], [[ang|geon]], [[ofs|jen]] and [[gml|jēne]], and the same pronoun survives in [[en|yon]] and [[en|yonder]].^(Kluge 2011|456)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DWB|10, 2304) Forms without the initial /j/ are [[non|enn]] and [[goh|enēr]], the latter used in the Bavarian and Alemannic area.^(Kluge 2011|456)^(DWB|10, 2304)

+

+ Kluge starts from a simple pronoun [[ine-pro|*eno-|t=that]], found also in [[cu|онъ|tr=onŭ|t=he]] and [[lt|anas|alt=añs|t=that]], to which a pronominal [[m|ine-pro|*yo-]] was prefixed in Gothic and Old High German, just as other elements were joined to it in [[grc|ἐκεῖνος|tr=ekeînos]] and [[la|ille]].^(Kluge 2011|456) Duden thinks the Germanic forms were reshaped under the influence of the relative stem and of [[m|ine-pro|*óynos|t=one]].^(Duden 7 2020) Pfeifer instead derives the word with an n-suffix from the pronoun stem that forms the relative [[grc|ὅς|tr=hós|t=who]],^(Pfeifer 1993) and Orel calls its origin not quite clear.^(Orel 2003)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''jenēr'', ''genēr'' is recorded from the 9th century, in Otfrid, the Paris conversations and Psalm 138, and ''enēr'' from about 1000.^(Schützeichel 2012|169)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Köbler AHD) It pointed, as now, to a person or thing further away.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Schützeichel 2012|169)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Jener'' points to what is further away, as [[dieser]] does to what is nearer;^(Paul 2002) Paul notes that it can also refer to something known from a proverb or a familiar example, as in Lessing's ''wie jener zur Ohrfeige''.^(Paul 2002) ''In jener Welt'' and ''in jenem Leben'' mean the life after death, a use found in Luther and in Adelung.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Adelung 1793) Spellings with ⟨i⟩ or ⟨y⟩ were usual until the 16th century, and ⟨j⟩ spread from the 15th; forms with ⟨g⟩ are frequent in East Central and North Upper German.^(FWB) Today it is mostly written or used in elevated speech.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ Early New High German ''der jene'' was extended to ''der jeniger'', ''der jenige'' (written as one word from the 17th century), which gradually took the place of ''der jene'';^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)^(Duden 7 2020) Pfeifer dates it to about 1500, Paul to the 15th century, Duden to the 16th.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)^(Duden 7 2020) [[jenseits]] (16th century) grew out of Middle High German ''jensīt'' “on that side”, and the noun [[Jenseits]] “the life hereafter” dates from about 1800.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 9th century – Old High German ''jenēr'' in Otfrid.^(Kluge 2011|456)^(Schützeichel 2012|169)

+ * c. 1000 – ''enēr'' without the initial ''j''.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 15th century – spellings with ''j'' spread.^(FWB)

+ * c. 1500 – ''der jenige'' appears.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 16th century – ''jenseits''.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)

+ * 17th century – ''derjenige'' written as one word.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * c. 1800 – the noun ''Jenseits''.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Pronoun===

+ # ''(formal)'' That, that one, pointing to a person or thing further from the speaker: ''Dieses Haus ist neu, jenes ist alt.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(formal)'' That, referring to a past time or to something already mentioned or known: ''seit jenem Abend''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[derjenige]]

+ * [[jenseits]]

+ * [[Jenseits]]

+ * [[jenseitig]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[dieser]]

+ * [[en|yon]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}