Museum German · revision 35250

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1586|origins=grc Μοῦσα}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /muˈzeːʊm/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Museum''' ''n'' (genitive Museums, plural Museen)^(Wiktionary)

+ Until the end of the 18th century the word was often used in its Latin form and inflected as Latin, as in a comedy of 1658 that has ''in ihrem Musaeo'' “in their study”.^(DFWB)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|mūsēum|t=place for learned pursuits; library, academy]], [[der|grc|μουσεῖον|tr=mouseîon|t=seat or shrine of the Muses]], a noun formed beside the adjective [[m|grc|μούσειος|tr=moúseios|t=of the Muses]] and based on [[m|grc|Μοῦσα|tr=Moûsa|t=Muse]].^(Kluge 2011|642)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|571)^(DFWB) Kluge dates the borrowing to the 16th century.^(Kluge 2011|642) The same Latin word lies behind [[nl|museum]], [[en|museum]], [[fr|musée]] and [[sv|museum]].^(Kluge 2011|642) The Greek noun belongs with [[Muse]] and [[Musik]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DFWB)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record, of 1586, shows the sense “study, a scholar's room”: a parish priest calls people ''in sein Studierstube vnd Museum'' “into his study and museum”.^(DFWB) Grimmelshausen's ''Simplicissimus'' (1669) still uses it so, of a pastor leading the hero into his ''Museum''.^(DFWB)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the sense “study” the word lived on in student language from the 16th to the middle of the 19th century.^(Paul 2002) From the 17th century it also meant a collection of art or antiquities, first recorded in Moscherosch in 1642.^(DFWB)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|571) In the 18th century ''Museum'' was a favourite title of collected works and learned journals, first Latin and then German ones.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DFWB)^(Paul 2002) Since the 19th century it has also named the building in which such collections are shown.^(Paul 2002)^(Duden 7 2020|571)

+

+ The adjective [[museal]] “of a museum” is recorded in the Duden of 1934, and it has come to mean “dusty, out of date” as well.^(Paul 2002) Hungarian [[m|hu|múzeum]] is recorded from 1634.^(LWP)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1586 – First record, in the sense “study”.^(DFWB)

+ * 1642 – Moscherosch uses it for a collection.^(DFWB)

+ * 1669 – Grimmelshausen still uses it for a pastor's study.^(DFWB)

+ * 18th century – Frequent as the title of collected works and journals.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DFWB)

+ * 19th century – Used of the building that houses a collection; the student sense “study” fades out by mid-century.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1934 – The Duden records [[museal]].^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|museum]], an institution that keeps and exhibits collections of art, history, science or technology: ''Das Museum ist montags geschlossen.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The [[m|en|building]] of such an institution.^(Paul 2002)^(Duden 7 2020|571)^(Duden Fremdwörterbuch 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[museal]]

+ * [[Kunstmuseum]]

+ * [[Freilichtmuseum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Muse]]

+ * [[Musik]]

+ * [[en|museum]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}