obwohl German · revision 35235

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=before 1350, Tauler}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ɔpˈvoːl/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''obwohl'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|de|ob|wohl]], from the older use of [[ob]] as a conditional and concessive conjunction, reinforced by the adverb.^(Wiktionary)^(Paul 2002)^(Duden GWDS 1999) The parts were long written separately, as in [[gmh|obe wol]];^(Köbler MHD)^(Paul 2002) today it is written only as one word.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ The conjunction is [[m|gmh|obe]], [[goh|ibu]] (also spelled with other vowels), and corresponds to [[osx|ef]], [[ang|gif]] (now [[en|if]]), [[non|ef]] and [[got|𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌹|tr=ibai]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(AWB|4, 1442) Pfeifer starts from a particle expressing uncertainty, of unclear origin, perhaps made of the pronoun stem [[ine-pro|*e-]] and the particle [[m|ine-pro|*bʰe]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Köbler AHD)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''ibu'' already meant “although, even if” beside “if” and “whether”.^(EWA|5, 6)^(Schützeichel 2012|163) Köbler lists ''obe wol'' in Tauler (before 1350),^(Köbler MHD) while Paul gives 1472 as the first record.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Luther's Bible the parts could still stand apart, as in ''ob sie wohl ein ungehorsames Haus sind''.^(Adelung 1793|3, 574) Adelung treated ''obwohl'' as equal to ''obgleich'' and ''obschon'', fit for the decent style, while ''obschon'' was more common in ordinary speech.^(Adelung 1793|3, 574) Today it is the most usual of the concessive conjunctions ''obgleich'', ''obschon'' and ''obzwar''.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 8th century – Old High German ''ibu'' appears, with a concessive sense among others.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(EWA|5, 6)

+ * Before 1350 – Tauler uses ''obe wol''.^(Köbler MHD)

+ * 1472 – First record of ''obwohl'' according to Paul.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Conjunction===

+ # [[m|en|although]], though; introduces a concessive clause: ''Obwohl es schneite, fuhr sie mit dem Rad.''; also in shortened clauses: ''obwohl müde, blieb er wach''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[obgleich]]

+ * [[obschon]]

+ * [[obzwar]]

+ * [[gleichwohl]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}