Jugendlicher German · revision 35233

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=20th century|origins=ine-pro *i̯eu-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈjuːɡəntlɪçɐ/, [ˈjuːɡəntlɪçɐ], [ˈjuːɡŋ̩tlɪçɐ]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Jugendlicher''' ''m'' (adjectival, definite nominative der Jugendliche, genitive (des) Jugendlichen, plural Jugendliche, definite plural die Jugendlichen, feminine Jugendliche)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the adjective [[jugendlich]] “youthful” used as a noun, and it keeps the adjective's endings.^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE)^(Pfeifer 1993) The adjective goes back to [[gmh|jugentlich]] and [[goh|jugundlīh]] (9th century), formed from the noun [[Jugend]] “youth”.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ That noun is [[gmh|jugent]], [[goh|jugund]], recorded from the 8th century, from [[gmw-pro|*jugunþi]] and earlier [[gem-pro|*juwunþiz]].^(EWA|5, 306)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Köbler AHD) The same word is [[osx|juguð]], [[gml|jȫget]], [[ofs|jogethe]], [[ang|geoguþ]], [[en|youth]] and [[nl|jeugd]].^(EWA|5, 306)^(Pfeifer 1993) Pfeifer explains it as an abstract noun with the suffix [[m|ine-pro|*-tis]] built on the adjective stem [[ine-pro|*i̯uu̯en-|t=young]], of the root [[ine-pro|*i̯eu-|t=young]], which also gave [[jung]]; other suffixes appear in [[la|iuventa]] and [[m|la|iuventūs]].^(Pfeifer 1993) The West Germanic forms have a /g/ where a /w/ would be expected, which Pfeifer puts down to the influence of the word family of [[Tugend]].^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''jugund'' appears from the 8th century in glosses, in Isidor, the Tatian, Otfrid and Notker, meaning “youth, the age of a young man, puberty” and also “virginity”, glossing Latin ''iuventus'', ''adulescentia'' and ''pubertas''.^(EWA|5, 306)^(Schützeichel 2012|170)^(Köbler AHD) The adjective ''jugundlīh'' follows in the 9th century.^(Pfeifer 1993) The noun ''Jugendlicher'', mostly in the plural ''Jugendliche'' “young people, adolescents”, belongs to the 20th century.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The Grimms' dictionary found the adjective ''jugendlich'' in Old and Middle High German, but rare beside the usual ''junglich'', and widespread only in the century before their article.^(DWB|10, 2365) The noun formed from it became the ordinary word for an adolescent in the 20th century.^(Pfeifer 1993) In law and administration it names a person between 14 and 18 years of age, while in general use it covers roughly the years from about 13 to the early twenties.^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 8th century – Old High German ''jugund'' “youth” is recorded in glosses.^(EWA|5, 306)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 9th century – The adjective ''jugundlīh'' appears.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 19th century – ''jugendlich'' becomes widespread, displacing ''junglich''.^(DWB|10, 2365)

+ * 20th century – The noun ''Jugendlicher'', mostly in the plural, comes into common use.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A young person between [[m|en|childhood]] and adulthood; an [[m|en|adolescent]], a [[m|en|teenager]] (male, or of unspecified gender): ''Die Jugendlichen trafen sich am Bahnhof.''^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # ''(law)'' A person aged between 14 and 18.^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Jugend]]

+ * [[jugendlich]]

+ * [[jung]]

+ * [[en|youth]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}