statt German · revision 35230

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=clipping|attested=17th century}}

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+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ʃtat/^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Forms==

+ '''statt'''^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[der|de|anstatt|t=instead of]], shortened in the 17th century.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|814)^(Paul 2002)^(Wiktionary) The longer word arose in the 15th century from phrases with the noun [[Statt]] “place” and a genitive, as in [[m|gmh|an sîne stat|t=in his place]] and the later phrase “in place of an oath”.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|814)

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+ The noun is [[gmh|stat]], [[goh|stat]] (8th century; inflected [[m|goh|steti]]), from [[gem-pro|*stadiz|t=place]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Köbler AHD)^(Wiktionary) The same word is [[got|𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌸𐍃|tr=staþs]], [[non|staðr]], [[ang|stede]], [[en|stead]] and [[osx|stedi]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|814) It is an abstract noun with the suffix [[m|ine-pro|*-tis]] from the root [[ine-pro|*steh₂-|t=to stand]], like [[grc|στάσις|tr=stásis|t=standing]] and [[la|statiō|t=standing, post]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary)^(DWB|17, 953) [[Stadt]] is the same word, set apart by its spelling, and [[Stätte]] grew out of its inflected forms.^(Kluge 2011|878)^(Pfeifer 1993)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The idea of one thing standing in for another goes back to Middle High German phrases such as ''an sîne stat''.^(Paul 2002)^(Pfeifer 1993) The preposition ''anstatt'' with a following genitive is found from the 15th century.^(Pfeifer 1993) Its use as a conjunction (''anstatt erfreuliche Antwort zu erlangen'') dates from the 17th century,^(Pfeifer 1993) and the short form ''statt'' is recorded from the 17th century.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Statt zu'' with an infinitive and ''statt dass'' with a clause date from the 18th century.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002) In Early New High German the preposition often took the accusative, and older writers sometimes used the dative: Lessing wrote ''dieses statt jenem'' and Goethe ''statt der Liebe süßem Wahn''.^(Paul 2002) Today it takes the genitive, and the dative where the genitive would not be visible.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

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+ The noun ''Statt'' itself became rare after ''Stadt'' and ''Stätte'' split off; it lives on in compounds such as [[Werkstatt]] and in phrases of substitution like ''an Kindes statt'' and ''an Eides statt'', which the current spelling rules write with a small letter.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|814)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * 8th century – Old High German ''stat'' “place” is recorded.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Köbler AHD)

+ * 15th century – ''anstatt'' arises from phrases with ''Statt''.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|814)

+ * 17th century – ''anstatt'' is used as a conjunction, and the short form ''statt'' appears.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)

+ * 18th century – ''statt dass'' and ''statt zu'' come into use.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Preposition===

+ # ''(with genitive)'' [[m|en|instead]] of, in place of: ''Statt des Busses nahm sie ein Taxi.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(with dative, when the genitive is not marked)'' instead of: ''statt Briefen schickte er Postkarten''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

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+ ===Conjunction===

+ # Instead of, rather than (with ''zu'' and an infinitive, or with ''dass''): ''Er schlief, statt zu lernen.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # Rather than, and not (the following word taking the case the verb requires).^(Wiktionary DE)

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+ ==Word family==

+ * [[stattdessen]]

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[anstatt]]

+ * [[Statt]]

+ * [[Stadt]]

+ * [[Stätte]]

+ * [[stehen]]

+ * [[en|stead]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}