inzwischen German · revision 35216

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=1077–1081, Annolied}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ɪnˈt͡svɪʃn̩/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''inzwischen'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|enzwischen]], from the Old High German phrase [[m|goh|in zwiskēn|t=in the middle of two]], formed [[af|de|in|zwischen]].^(Wiktionary)^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(DWB|10, 2152) The Old High German phrase was built on the distributive numeral [[m|goh|zwisk|t=twofold]] and was rarer than [[m|goh|untar zwiskēn|t=among two]].^(DWB|10, 2152) Kluge dates the adverb only to the 13th century, from the Middle High German phrase [[m|gmh|dā enzwischen|t=between this]].^(Kluge 2011|450) An older variant [[m|de|entzwischen]] was used into New High German and then gave way again to the present form.^(DWB|10, 2152)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The phrase is first a preposition with a local sense: Williram's ''in mînemo herzen, daʒ inzwischen den brusten liget'' “in my heart, that lies between the breasts”.^(DWB|10, 2152) An adverbial use is found in the ''Annolied'' (1077–1081).^(DWB|10, 2152)^(Köbler MHD)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The local sense has almost disappeared, replaced by [[dazwischen]] and [[zwischen]], and since Early New High German the word has been a temporal adverb, “meanwhile” and, looking back, “since then”.^(Paul 2002)^(DWB|10, 2152) Early New High German also used it for a contrast, “however”.^(FWB) Until the 19th century ''inzwischen'' (also ''inzwischen dass'') could introduce a clause like a conjunction, as in Goethe and Kleist.^(Paul 2002) Adelung judged it a word of everyday speech that careful writers avoided in favour of ''indessen''.^(Adelung 1793|2, 1391)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1077–1081 – The ''Annolied'' has an adverbial ''inzuschin''.^(DWB|10, 2152)^(Köbler MHD)

+ * 13th century – Kluge's date for the adverb.^(Kluge 2011|450)

+ * 1793 – Adelung calls it colloquial.^(Adelung 1793|2, 1391)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|meanwhile]], by now: in the time that has passed, something has happened or a state has been reached: ''inzwischen ist die Brücke fertig''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # In the [[m|en|meantime]], at the same time as something else: ''ich koche, du kannst inzwischen den Tisch decken''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Until a future point: in the time before something happens.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[zwischen]]

+ * [[dazwischen]]

+ * [[indessen]]

+ * [[mittlerweile]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}