daran German · revision 35215

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=9th century, Otfrid}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /daˈʁan/, /daˈʁaːn/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''daran'''^(Wiktionary)

+ The contracted form ''dran'' is found from early Middle High German and grew quickly in the 16th century to about a third of all records.^(DWB2|6, 261)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|dāran]], [[inh|goh|dārana]] (also [[m|goh|daraana]]), formed [[af|de|da|an]].^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(DWB2|6, 261)^(Wiktionary) Both adverbs [[m|goh|dār|t=there]] and [[m|goh|dara|t=thither]] were combined with the preposition [[an]], and they were early confused in such compounds.^(DWB2|6, 261)^(Pfeifer 1993) They belong to the pronoun stem [[ine-pro|*to-]] of the article [[m|de|der]], with an /r/ suffix.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Köbler AHD) Compounds of the same kind are [[osx|thar an]], [[ofs|theron]], [[ang|þǣr on]], [[en|thereon]], [[non|þar á]] and [[nl|daaraan]].^(DWB2|6, 261)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''daraana'' is first found in Otfrid (863–871), then in Notker and Williram, meaning “on it, in it, by it, through it”; it could also be relative, “whereon”.^(Köbler AHD)^(Schützeichel 2012|68)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The first use was spatial, nearness to or contact with something, which gave rise to the many abstract uses in place of a phrase with ''an'' (''daran denken'', ''daran sterben'').^(DWB|2, 753)^(Paul 2002) In Old and Middle High German the parts were often separated by other words (''da … an''), and this survives into the 20th century in writers of Low German origin.^(DWB2|6, 261) Paul records ''gut'' or ''schlecht daran sein'' “to be well or badly off” in Hamann in 1756, and ''daransetzen'' “to stake, risk” from 1456.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 863–871 – Otfrid uses ''daraana''.^(Köbler AHD)

+ * Early Middle High German – The contracted ''dran'' appears.^(DWB2|6, 261)

+ * 14th century – It begins to be written together with verbs.^(DWB2|6, 261)

+ * 1456 – ''daransetzen'' “to stake” is recorded.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 16th century – ''dran'' becomes frequent.^(DWB2|6, 261)

+ * 1756 – Hamann writes ''schlecht daran sein'' “to be badly off”.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # At or on that place or thing: ''ein Zettel klebt daran''; to that place or thing: ''häng den Mantel daran''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # On, at or about that matter, standing for a phrase with ''an'': ''sie schreibt seit Monaten daran'', ''hast du daran gedacht?''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # In that respect: ''daran mangelt es uns nicht''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # Because of that: ''der Baum ist daran eingegangen''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[da]]

+ * [[an]]

+ * [[dran]]

+ * [[darauf]]

+ * [[darüber]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ In speech the short form ''dran'' is usual.^(Wiktionary)^(DWB2|6, 261) ''Gut'' or ''schlecht daran sein'' means “to be well or badly off”.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}