teilen German · revision 35195

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=8th century, Old High German glosses|origins=gem-pro *dailiz}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈtaɪ̯lən/, [ˈtʰaɪ̯ln]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''teilen''' (third-person singular present teilt, past tense teilte, past participle geteilt, auxiliary haben)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|teilen]], [[inh|goh|teilen]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*dailijan]], [[inh|gem-pro|*dailijaną|t=to divide, share]], a verb formed from the noun [[m|gem-pro|*dailiz|t=part]], continued by [[Teil]].^(Kluge 2011|911)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary)^(Orel 2003) The same verb is [[osx|dēlian]], [[ang|dǣlan]] (the source of [[en|deal]]), [[non|deila]], [[got|𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽|tr=dailjan]], [[nl|delen]] and [[sv|dela]],^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2007)^(Orel 2003) and the noun is [[m|got|𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌻𐍃|tr=dails]].^(Kluge 2011|911)

+

+ Outside Germanic, Kluge finds only [[cu|дѣлъ|tr=dělŭ|t=part]] an exact match in form, and that may have been borrowed from Germanic; [[lt|dalìs|t=part]] lacks the diphthong, and [[grc|δαίομαι|tr=daíomai|t=I divide]] has a different onset.^(Kluge 2011|911) Pfeifer compares [[m|lt|dailýti|t=to divide]] and asks whether the words go back to a root [[ine-pro|*dā(i)-]] “to divide, cut up” or come from a substrate language.^(Pfeifer 1993) Its further origin is unclear.^(Duden 7 2007)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''teilen'' appears in glosses of the last quarter of the 8th century and then in the Tatian, Otfrid and Notker.^(Köbler AHD)^(Schützeichel 2012|330) It meant to divide, distribute, hand out, assign and impart, and also to pass judgement on someone.^(Schützeichel 2012|330)^(Köbler AHD)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Early New High German used it for cutting a whole into pieces and, in arithmetic, for dividing a number, already in Konrad von Megenberg; for separating persons or things, dividing an inheritance, handing out, taking part in something, and also for judging and deciding.^(FWB) The noun [[Teilung]] is old (around 900) and [[teilbar]] dates from the 17th century.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2007)

+

+ The compound [[mitteilen]] at first meant to share something with someone in general.^(Duden 7 2007) From the 15th century it was gradually restricted to news and knowledge.^(Duden 7 2007) [[Abteil]], shortened from [[Abteilung]], replaced French ''coupé'' for a railway compartment in the second half of the 19th century.^(Duden 7 2007) The verb was borrowed into Slovene as ''talati''.^(LWP)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Last quarter of the 8th century – ''teilen'' in Old High German glosses.^(Köbler AHD)

+ * c. 900 – ''teilunga'' “division”.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 15th century – ''mitteilen'' starts to narrow to news and knowledge.^(Duden 7 2007)

+ * 17th century – ''teilbar'' appears.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * Second half of the 19th century – ''Abteil'' “railway compartment”.^(Duden 7 2007)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|divide]] a whole into parts: ''einen Kuchen in acht Stücke teilen''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(mathematics)'' To divide one number by another.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To share out among several people: ''Sie teilten den Erlös unter sich.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # To [[m|en|share]] what one has with someone; figuratively, to share a view or a feeling: ''Ich teile deine Sorge.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To split something into two parts, as a line, a border or a river does.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # To use something together with someone: ''ein Büro mit einer Kollegin teilen''; to be affected by something together with others: ''sein Schicksal teilen''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # ''(sich teilen in, elevated)'' To take equal shares in something.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # ''(sich teilen)'' To go apart in different directions, to [[m|en|fork]]: ''Hinter dem Dorf teilt sich die Straße.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[abteilen]]

+ * [[erteilen]]

+ * [[mitteilen]]

+ * [[urteilen]]

+ * [[verteilen]]

+ * [[aufteilen]]

+ * [[austeilen]]

+ * [[dreiteilen]]

+ * [[einteilen]]

+ * [[unterteilen]]

+ * [[vierteilen]]

+ * [[zerteilen]]

+ * [[zuteilen]]

+ * [[zweiteilen]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Teil]]

+ * [[Urteil]]

+ * [[en|deal]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}