industry English · revision 3519

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1477 (Caxton)|origins=la industrius}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˈɪn.də.stri/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|industrie|t=skill]], [[bor|fro|industrie|t=activity; aptitude, experience]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(AHD 2000) or directly from [[la|industria|t=diligence, activity, zeal]],^(Etymonline)^(SOED 2002) the noun use of the feminine of [[m|la|industrius|t=active, diligent]],^(Etymonline)^(AHD 2000)^(Klein 1966) from Old Latin [[m|la|indostruus|t=diligent]],^(Etymonline)^(Klein 1966)^(MWU 2024) probably formed from [[m|la|indu|t=in, within]] and the base of [[m|la|struere|t=to build]].^(Etymonline)^(Klein 1966)^(MWU 2024) Etymonline traces ''struere'' to [[ine-pro|*stere-|t=to spread]].^(Etymonline)^(AHD 2000) It is related to [[structure]], [[construct]] and [[indigenous]].^(Klein 1966)^(MWU 2024)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cleverness, skill, the application of skill: about 1477, in Caxton's translation of the ''History of Jason'';^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989) the AHD dates the first record to 1475.^(AHD 2000)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Diligence, close application to a task, is from 1531, in Elyot's ''Boke Named the Governour'',^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989) although ''Word Origins'' gives “hard work” as the first sense.^(Cresswell 2021) A particular trade or branch of manufacture is from the 1560s.^(Etymonline)^(Cresswell 2021)^(OED 1989) Systematic work or habitual employment is from 1611.^(OED 1989) A ''house of industry'', a workhouse, is from 1696.^(OED 1989) The AHD notes that during the Industrial Revolution, as more and more human effort went into producing goods for sale, the sense “trade” and the sense “systematic work” grew to take over the word.^(AHD 2000) In archaeology, an ''industry'' is a set of prehistoric implements of the same age, from 1911,^(OED 1989) and, preceded by a name, scholarly work devoted to a subject, as in ''the Shakespeare industry'', from 1965.^(OED 1989)^(AHD 2000) ''Industrial'' is from the 16th century, with isolated examples before the 19th.^(Hoad 1986)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1477 – skill (Caxton).^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1531 – diligence (Elyot).^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)

+ * 1560s – a branch of trade or manufacture.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1611 – systematic work.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1696 – ''house of industry''.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1911 – in archaeology.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1965 – ''the Shakespeare industry''.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The commercial production and sale of goods.^(AHD)

+ # A particular branch of manufacture or trade: ''the steel industry''.^(AHD)^(OED 1989)

+ # The [[manufacturing]] sector of an economy.^(AHD)

+ # Hard work; [[diligence]].^(AHD)^(SOED 2002)

+ # Continuing work or study devoted to a subject or figure.^(AHD)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[industrywide]]

+ * [[interindustry]]

+ * [[nonindustry]]

+ * [[preindustry]]

+ * [[proindustry]]

+ * [[subindustry]]

+ * [[superindustry]]

+ * [[captain of industry]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[industrial]]

+ * [[industrious]]

+ * [[structure]]

+ * [[construct]]

+ * [[instruct]]

+ * [[destroy]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}