französisch German · revision 35186

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing, derivation|attested=c. 1440 (franzoisch)|origins=la-med Francia}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /fʁanˈt͡søːzɪʃ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''französisch''' (strong nominative masculine singular französischer, not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|franzoisisch]] (also [[m|gmh|franzoisch]]), formed with the suffix [[-isch]] from [[m|gmh|franzois|t=French]], [[bor|fro|françois]].^(Wiktionary)^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(DWB2|9, 877) The Old French adjective belongs to [[m|fro|France]] and [[la-med|Francia|t=land of the Franks]].^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Pfeifer 1993) In modern terms it can be analysed as [[af|de|Franzose|-isch]].^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ It replaced Middle High German [[m|gmh|franzisch]], which continued [[goh|frenkisk|t=Frankish]].^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler MHD) The Grimms called the German adjective a clumsy formation, since the borrowed stem already contained a suffix of the same kind, which the German suffix repeats.^(DWB|4, 63)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The older form ''franzisch'' appears in the ''Rolandslied'' (about 1170).^(Köbler MHD)^(Lexer 1872|3, 491) The poem ''Athis und Prophilias'' (about 1210) has ''nach den franzzischin sitin'' “after the French manners”, and Windeck's memoirs (about 1440) speak of ''franzoischen reten'', French counsellors.^(DWB2|9, 877) The noun for the French language, ''franzeys'', is used by Wolfram in ''Willehalm'' (about 1217).^(DWB2|9, 878)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ For French goods such as gloves, combs and knives, the Grimms note, ''Pariser'' was later preferred.^(DWB|4, 63) In the 15th to 17th centuries the word also meant “suffering from syphilis”, the disease called ''die Franzosen'': ''franzoisische krankheit'' is recorded in 1483, Paracelsus calls a patient ''französisch'', and Adelung still lists the sense for common speech.^(Lexer 1872|3, 491)^(DWB|4, 63)^(Adelung 1793|2, 267)

+

+ ''Sich [auf] französisch empfehlen'', to leave without saying goodbye, reflects a rudeness ascribed to the French.^(Duden GWDS 1999) Modern colloquial German uses the adjective for oral sex.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * About 1170 – ''franzisch'' in the ''Rolandslied''.^(Köbler MHD)

+ * About 1210 – ''franzzischin sitin'' in ''Athis und Prophilias''.^(DWB2|9, 877)

+ * About 1217 – Wolfram uses ''franzeys'' for the French language.^(DWB2|9, 878)

+ * About 1440 – ''franzoisch'' in Windeck's memoirs.^(DWB2|9, 877)

+ * 1483 – ''franzoisische krankheit'' “syphilis”.^(Lexer 1872|3, 491)

+ * 1536 – ''frantzosisch'' is used of the French language.^(DWB2|9, 877)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|French]]: of France or the French: ''französischer Käse'', ''die französische Regierung''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # In the French language: ''ein französisch geschriebener Brief''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # ''(colloquial)'' Relating to [[m|en|oral sex]].^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Französisch]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Frankreich]]

+ * [[Franzmann]]

+ * [[Franzose]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Ein französisches Bett'' is a wide double bed made in one piece.^(Duden GWDS 1999) The language is ''Französisch'' or ''das Französische''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}