Zeitung German · revision 35182

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1300, Cologne area|origins=gmw-pro *tīdi}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈt͡saɪ̯tʊŋ/, /ˈt͡saɪ̯tʊŋk/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Zeitung''' ''f'' (genitive Zeitung, plural Zeitungen)^(Wiktionary)

+ Early New High German wrote ''tzijdong'' and ''czitunge'' in the 15th century, and ''Zeitung'' from the 16th.^(Pfeifer 1993) The plural was often strong, without ending, as in Luther's ''newe zeytung'', though the weak plural in ''-en'' is recorded as early as 1403.^(DWB|31, 591)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|zīdunge|t=news, message]], [[bor|gml|tīdinge|t=event, news]].^(Kluge 2011|1005)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|948) The High German form, with /ts/ for the Low German /t/, first appears shortly before 1300 in the Cologne area, at the edge of the Cologne and Flemish trading world, which is why the word is taken as a loan.^(Kluge 2011|1005)^(Duden 7 2020|948)^(DWB|31, 591) Wiktionary names [[dum|tīdinge]] as the source, and the Middle Dutch form is listed beside the Low German one by Kluge and Pfeifer.^(Wiktionary)^(Kluge 2011|1005)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ The Low German noun is a formation in /-ing/ meaning “occurrence”, probably from [[m|gml|tīden|t=to go towards, strive for]], which in the sense “to proceed, take place” matches [[ang|tīdan|t=to happen]]; the Old English noun [[m|ang|tīdung|t=event, news]] is the same formation and survives as [[en|tidings]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|948)^(Kluge 2011|1005) Kluge and the Duden derive that verb from the noun that became [[Zeit]], and Wiktionary reconstructs the chain as [[gmw-pro|*tīdungu|t=message]], from [[m|gmw-pro|*tīdōn|t=to happen]], from [[m|gmw-pro|*tīdi|t=time]];^(Kluge 2011|1005)^(Duden 7 2020|948)^(Wiktionary) Pfeifer says only that the group can be connected with the noun for time,^(Pfeifer 1993) and the Grimms keep the Low German verb meaning “to strive” apart.^(DWB|31, 591)

+

+ A parallel Norse word, [[non|tíðendi|t=events, report]] (a plural), comes from [[m|non|tíðr|t=happening, usual]] and gave [[da|tidende]] and [[nn|tidend|t=newspaper]], while [[sv|tidning]] was borrowed from Middle Low German.^(Kluge 2011|1005)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DWB|31, 591) Related forms elsewhere are [[nl|tijding]] and [[yi|צײַטונג|tr=tsaytung]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Around 1300 in the Cologne area ''zīdunge'' meant “news, message”, a report of something that had happened;^(Duden 7 2020|948)^(Kluge 2011|1005) Pfeifer dates the late Middle High German (West Central German) forms ''zīdung'', ''zīding'' to the end of the 14th century.^(Pfeifer 1993) The Grimms quote it from the Marian songs of Brother Hans, in Ripuarian of the last quarter of the 14th century, for the angel's greeting as true tidings.^(DWB|31, 591) Some 16th-century examples still show the older sense “event”: in 1542 a writer says he has seen ''jemmerliche zeittung'', “pitiful events”.^(DWB|31, 591)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The word first meant news brought by word of mouth, then written news, and finally printed reports, which appear from the 15th century;^(Kluge 2011|1005) from 1502 printed sheets in Augsburg carried the title ''Newe zeytung''.^(Kluge 2011|1005)^(Paul 2002) In the 16th century such titles were common on pamphlets, and they were also used for enclosures to letters that were copied or printed because their contents were of general interest.^(Pfeifer 1993) From the 17th century it named the first newspapers in the modern sense, the first weeklies being the ''Aviso'' of Wolfenbüttel and the ''Relation'' of Strasbourg, both of 1609.^(Kluge 2011|1005)^(Paul 2002)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ At first the periodical was named with the plural (''die Zeitungen''), and Adelung still notes that the plural was most usual; the singular for one paper took over from the end of the 18th century.^(Paul 2002)^(Adelung 1793|4, 1680) Adelung calls the sense “news of an event” obsolete in the elevated style, but Goethe, Schiller and Platen still used it, and it lasted into the 19th century.^(Adelung 1793|4, 1680)^(Paul 2002)^(Duden 7 2020|948) Schopenhauer coined ''Zeitungsdeutsch'' in 1851 to attack the jargon of the German press;^(Paul 2002) ''Zeitungsschreiber'' meant a reporter in 1620 and a journalist in 1643.^(Paul 2002) Slovene borrowed the word as ''cajtinge'' “news”, and the Polish of Cieszyn as ''cajtóng'' “newspaper”.^(LWP)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Shortly before 1300 – ''zīdunge'' “news” appears in the Cologne area.^(Kluge 2011|1005)^(Duden 7 2020|948)

+ * 1403 – A weak plural in ''-en'' is recorded.^(DWB|31, 591)

+ * 15th century – Printed reports called ''Zeitung'' appear.^(Kluge 2011|1005)

+ * 1502 – Printed news sheets in Augsburg bear the title ''Newe zeytung''.^(Kluge 2011|1005)^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1609 – The first weekly newspapers, the ''Aviso'' and the ''Relation''.^(Paul 2002)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1620 – ''Zeitungsschreiber'' “reporter”; 1643 in the sense “journalist”.^(Paul 2002)

+ * End of the 18th century – The singular becomes usual for a single newspaper.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1851 – Schopenhauer coins ''Zeitungsdeutsch''.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|newspaper]], a printed publication that appears daily or at short intervals, with news and reports: ''Sie liest jeden Morgen die Zeitung beim Frühstück.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The [[m|en|editorial]] staff or the company that produces a newspaper: ''Er arbeitet seit Jahren bei einer Zeitung in Hamburg.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # ''(dated)'' News of an event, [[m|en|tidings]].^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Tageszeitung]]

+ * [[Wochenzeitung]]

+ * [[Zeitungsdeutsch]]

+ * [[Zeitungsschreiber]]

+ * [[Zeitungssprache]]

+ * [[Zeitungsleser]]

+ * [[Zeitungspapier]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Zeit]]

+ * [[en|tidings]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The Grimms list two rare 16th-century words of the same spelling formed from ''Zeit'': one meaning “ripening”, a substitute for ''Zeitigung'', and a collective “times, season, weather”, used by Luther in Acts 14:17 for “fruitful seasons” until 1720 editions changed it.^(DWB|31, 590) Adelung still mentions the sense “weather” as long obsolete.^(Adelung 1793|4, 1680)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}