gesamt German · revision 35175

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=10th century|origins=gem-pro *samnōną}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * [ɡəˈzamt]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''gesamt''' (strong nominative masculine singular gesamter, not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|gesament]], [[m|gmh|gesamt]], [[inh|goh|gisamanōt]], the past participle of [[m|goh|samanōn|t=to gather, assemble]], used as an adjective; its first sense was therefore “gathered”.^(Kluge 2011|352)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2014|333) The Middle High German verb [[m|gmh|samenen]] died out in New High German, where [[sammeln]] took its place.^(Duden 7 2014|333)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ The verb continues [[gmw-pro|*samnōn]], [[gem-pro|*samnōną|t=to bring together]], formed from [[m|gem-pro|*samanai|t=together]] and ultimately from [[ine-pro|*sem-|t=one]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Kluge dates the adjective to the 10th century;^(Kluge 2011|352)^(Wiktionary DE) Wiktionary DE gives the 8th.^(Kluge 2011|352)^(Wiktionary DE) Middle High German ''gesament'' meant “assembled, united, joint, unanimous”, for instance in Jansen Enikel's chronicle and around 1270 in Gottfried Hagen's Cologne chronicle.^(Köbler MHD)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The participle was already independent as an adjective in Middle High German.^(Pfeifer 1993) In Early New High German, mostly spelled ''gesambt'', it meant “joint” and “all together”, and was even used as a preposition “together with”.^(FWB) An old legal phrase, ''mit gesamter Hand'', means “jointly”, of several persons acting together.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ The adverb [[insgesamt]] and many compounds such as ''Gesamtbetrag'' and ''Gesamteindruck'' belong to it.^(Paul 2002) The noun [[Gesamtheit]] is from the 18th century;^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)^(Duden 7 2014|333) Campe records it in 1797 for a body of persons, and Görres speaks of a ''Gesamtsprache'' in 1821.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)^(Duden 7 2014|333)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 10th century – Old High German ''gisamanōt''.^(Kluge 2011|352)

+ * About 1270 – Middle High German ''gesament'' in Hagen's chronicle.^(Köbler MHD)

+ * 1797 – ''Gesamtheit'' for a body of persons.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1821 – Görres uses ''Gesamtsprache''.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|whole|alt=Whole]], [[m|en|entire]], all the parts taken together: ''die gesamte Belegschaft'', ''ihr gesamtes Erspartes''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary) ''Im Gesamten'' (dated) means “altogether”.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Gesamtheit]]

+ * [[insgesamt]]

+ * [[Gesamt]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sammeln]]

+ * [[samt]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}