Publikum German · revision 35161

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=early 18th century|origins=la populus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈpuː.bli.kʊm/, /ˈpʊ.bli.kʊm/, /ˈpʊp.li.kʊm/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Publikum''' ''n'' (genitive Publikums, plural (rare) Publika)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la-med|publicum|t=the common people; the public]], borrowed at the beginning of the 18th century.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)^(Duden 7 2014|664) It is the neuter of [[la|pūblicus|t=belonging to the people or the state, public]], from [[m|la|populus|t=people]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kluge 2011|730)^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch) Its senses were shaped by [[fr|public]] and the English [[m|en|public]] borrowed from it.^(Duden 7 2014|664)^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Paul 2002) The adjective [[publik]] came from the French word about 1700.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kluge 2011|730)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In the 15th century Medieval Latin ''publicum'' was rendered in German as ''gemain volck'' “the common people”.^(Pfeifer 1993) The borrowed word appears at the beginning of the 18th century, at first with Latin endings.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002) After the middle of the century, under the influence of French ''public'', it came to mean the people assembled at a theatre or an exhibition, a use that spread from Berlin; earlier German said ''die Welt''.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Goethe's time ''Publikum'' meant both the spectators or listeners of a performance and the readers of an author: in ''Faust'' the poet is warned that the ''Publikum'' will pull his whole work to pieces, and in his maxims Goethe wrote that an author shows his readers the greatest respect by never giving them what they expect.^(Paul 2002) From the 19th century it also meant the public at large, and the guests of a place such as a restaurant or spa.^(Paul 2002)^(Duden GWDS 1999) Handke's play ''Publikumsbeschimpfung'' addresses its audience directly.^(Paul 2002) In older academic language a ''Publikum'' was also a free public lecture.^(Duden Fremdwörterbuch 2007)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 15th century – Medieval Latin ''publicum'' is translated ''gemain volck''.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * About 1700 – ''publik'' is borrowed from French.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * Early 18th century – ''Publikum'' appears, with Latin endings.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)

+ * After 1750 – The sense “audience” spreads from Berlin.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 19th century – The sense “the public, the clientele” appears.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|audience]] of an event, the spectators or listeners: ''Das Publikum klatschte begeistert.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The people interested in something, especially in art or learning; [[m|en|readership]]: ''Ihre Romane haben ein großes Publikum.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Duden Fremdwörterbuch 2007)

+ # The guests or visitors of a place: ''In dem Café verkehrt ein junges Publikum.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(colloquial)'' People watching or listening to someone: ''Er spielt sich gern vor Publikum auf.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Fachpublikum]]

+ * [[Stammpublikum]]

+ * [[Publikumserfolg]]

+ * [[Publikumsliebling]]

+ * [[Publikumsmagnet]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[publik]]

+ * [[Publikation]]

+ * [[publizieren]]

+ * [[Publizist]]

+ * [[populär]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}