privat German · revision 35142

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=16th century|origins=la prīvus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /pʁiˈvaːt/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''privat''' (strong nominative masculine singular privater, comparative privater, superlative am privatesten)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|prīvātus|t=set apart (from the state), not public]], borrowed in the 16th century; the Latin word is the past participle of [[m|la|prīvō|t=to deprive, free, set apart]], from [[m|la|prīvus|t=single, one's own]].^(Kluge 2011|723)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|651) The same Latin word is in [[Privileg]].^(Kluge 2011|723)^(Duden 7 2020|651)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Paul records it from the middle of the 16th century in compounds such as ''Privatperson'' and ''Privatsache'', with ''Privatschule'' from 1534.^(Paul 2002)^(Pfeifer 1993) The Grimms quote ''Privatfeindschaften'' (1591) and ''privatanruffen'' (1561).^(DWB|13, 2137) It meant “of a single person, not holding an office, not public”.^(DWB|13, 2137)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Only in the 19th century did ''privat'' become common as an independent adjective.^(Paul 2002) ''Privatdozent'', a university teacher without a salaried post, goes back to ''privatim docentes'' in the Halle statutes of 1697 and became a title in the mid-18th century.^(Paul 2002)^(Pfeifer 1993) ''Privateigentum'' appears at the end of the 18th century.^(Pfeifer 1993) The verb [[privatisieren]] first meant “to live on one's means as a private person” (1664, after French ''privatiser''); “to transfer to private ownership” is a 20th-century sense.^(Paul 2002)^(Pfeifer 1993) Hungarian borrowed ''privát'' in 1662.^(LWP)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1534 – ''Privatschule'' is recorded.^(Paul 2002)

+ * Mid-16th century – ''Privatperson'' and ''Privatsache'' come into use.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1664 – ''privatisieren'' “to live as a private person”.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1697 – the Halle statutes speak of ''privatim docentes''.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 19th century – ''privat'' is widely used on its own.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 20th century – ''privatisieren'' comes to mean “to transfer to private ownership”.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Personal, concerning only oneself: ''ihre privaten Sorgen''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Duden Fremdwörterbuch 2007)

+ # Informal, familiar: ''im privaten Kreis feiern''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Duden Fremdwörterbuch 2007)

+ # Not official, not in one's working capacity: ''ein privater Anruf''; adverbially ''privat unterwegs sein''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Duden Fremdwörterbuch 2007)

+ # Not open to the public: ''ein privater Strand''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # Not run or owned by the state: ''eine private Klinik''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[privatisieren]]

+ * [[Privatperson]]

+ * [[Privatsache]]

+ * [[Privatdozent]]

+ * [[Privateigentum]]

+ * [[Privatwirtschaft]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[privatim]]

+ * [[Privileg]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}