Politiker German · revision 35137

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=18th century|origins=grc πόλις}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /poˈliːtikɐ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Politiker''' ''m'' (genitive Politikers, plural Politiker, feminine Politikerin)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la-med|politicus|t=statesman]], a noun use of the Latin adjective [[m|la|polīticus|t=of the state, political]], from [[grc|πολιτικός|tr=polītikós|t=of citizens, of the state]], from [[m|grc|πολίτης|tr=polī́tēs|t=citizen]], from [[m|grc|πόλις|tr=pólis|t=city, state]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2007)^(DWB|13, 1979)^(Duden GWDS 1999) The Latin ending was replaced by the German agent suffix [[-er]], so that the word can also be read as a derivative of [[Politik]].^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE) Kluge lists it as the agent noun of the family of [[politisch]], which German took from French in the 16th century.^(Kluge 2011|714)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Pfeifer and Duden date the word to the 18th century.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2007) The Grimms' dictionary quotes it from Schupp, Weidner and Klopstock;^(DWB|13, 1979) Klopstock counts ''Politiker'' among the scholars of law and notes that rulers often laughed at learned ones.^(DWB|13, 1979)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Schiller used ''die Politiker'' for the French party of the ''politiques'', and Heine wrote of short-sighted ''Politiker'' who resort only to palliatives.^(DWB|13, 1979) Beside it the Latin form ''Politikus'' was used jokingly for a sly, scheming person, like ''Pfiffikus''.^(DWB|13, 1979) Today it names someone who holds a political office, usually as a member of a party.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 16th century – The adjective ''politisch'' is borrowed.^(Kluge 2011|714)

+ * Mid-17th century – ''Politik'' is borrowed from French.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 18th century – ''Politiker'' “statesman” is recorded.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2007)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|politician]]: someone who takes an active part in politics, usually holding a political office as a member of a [[Partei]]: ''Die Politikerin sprach vor dem Landtag.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|statesman]].^(Duden Fremdwörterbuch 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Politikerin]]

+ * [[Berufspolitiker]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Politik]]

+ * [[politisch]]

+ * [[Polizei]]

+ * [[Metropole]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}