Zuschauer German · revision 35131

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=16th century|origins=gem-pro *skawwōną}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈt͡suːˌʃaʊ̯ɐ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Zuschauer''' ''m'' (genitive Zuschauers, plural Zuschauer, feminine Zuschauerin)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|de|zuschauen|-er]], formed in the 16th century.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DWB|32, 789)^(Wiktionary DE) The Duden dictionary suggests that it was modelled on [[la|spectātor|t=onlooker]].^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ The verb [[zuschauen]] is [[zu]] and [[schauen]], from [[gmh|schouwen]], [[goh|scouwōn]], [[gem-pro|*skawwōną|t=to look]].^(Kluge 2011|797)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary) The same verb is [[osx|skawon]], [[ofs|skāwia]] and [[ang|scēawian]], the source of [[en|show]].^(Kluge 2011|797)^(Pfeifer 1993) Outside Germanic, Kluge compares [[grc|θυοσκόος|tr=thuoskóos|t=priest who observes sacrifices]] and, without the initial /s/, [[m|grc|κοέω|tr=koéō|t=I perceive]] and [[la|caveō|t=to beware]].^(Kluge 2011|797) Pfeifer traces the family to [[ine-pro|*skeu-]], a variant of [[m|ine-pro|*keu-|t=to heed, look]], also the root of [[hören]].^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The word is recorded from the 16th century.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DWB|32, 789) The Grimms take its use for the audience at a play to be the oldest: Boltz's translation of Terence addresses the ''zschawer'', the spectators.^(DWB|32, 789)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the 17th and 18th centuries it is used of the audience at the theatre (Harsdörffer, Kramer, Goethe) and of any onlooker, as when Lohenstein (1690) writes of two people who deserved the whole world as ''Zuschauer'' of their virtue.^(DWB|32, 789) Adelung found the noun far more common than the verb [[zuschauen]], while ''Zuseher'' was not current.^(Adelung 1793) With film and television it came to mean the viewer of a broadcast, as in [[Fernsehzuschauer]], and in the plural the audience.^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 16th century – First records, with Boltz's Terence translation and Musculus.^(DWB|32, 789)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1587 – The ''Buch der Liebe'' speaks of crowds of ''zuschauer''.^(DWB|32, 789)

+ * 1690 – Lohenstein's ''Arminius'' uses the word figuratively.^(DWB|32, 789)

+ * 1740 – Breitinger writes of the ability of the ''Zuschauer'' of a painting.^(DWB|32, 789)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|spectator]], onlooker: someone who watches an event, especially a performance or a game: ''Mehr als zwanzigtausend Zuschauer verfolgten das Rennen.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|viewer]] of a film or a television broadcast.^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # ''(in the plural)'' The [[m|en|audience]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Zuschauerin]]

+ * [[Fernsehzuschauer]]

+ * [[Zuschauerraum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Schauplatz]]

+ * [[zuschauen]]

+ * [[schauen]]

+ * [[Schau]]

+ * [[en|show]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}