anders German · revision 35123

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 830, Old High German Tatian|origins=ine-pro *ánteros}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈandɐs/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''anders'''^(Wiktionary)

+ A form with an added ''-t'', ''anderst'', is found throughout Early New High German, rarely in the 14th and early 15th century and increasingly afterwards;^(FWB) Old High German ''anderest'' occurs only in Notker, and ''anderst'' survives in Central and Upper German dialects.^(DWB2|2, 808)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|anders]], [[inh|goh|anderes]], originally the genitive singular neuter of the adjective [[anderer]], used as an adverb.^(DWB2|2, 808)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden GWDS 1999) The same formation is [[ofs|otheres]].^(DWB2|2, 808)

+

+ The adjective is [[m|goh|ander]], from [[gem-pro|*anþeraz|t=other]], the same word as [[got|𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌰𐍂|tr=anþar]], [[non|annarr]], [[osx|ōðar]] and [[ang|ōþer]] (now [[en|other]]).^(Kluge 2011|43)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(EWA|1, 241) It continues [[ine-pro|*ánteros|t=other]], also found in [[sa|अन्तर|tr=ántara|t=other]] and [[lt|antras|alt=añtras|t=second, other]].^(Kluge 2011|43)^(Wiktionary) Kluge explains it as a contrastive formation with the suffix [[m|ine-pro|*-teros]] from a pronominal stem that appears with another suffix in [[m|sa|अन्य|tr=anyá|t=other]].^(Kluge 2011|43) Pfeifer and Duden name either the demonstrative particle [[m|ine-pro|*an|t=there]] or the pronominal stem of [[jener]] as its base,^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|95) and the EWA finds the link with that stem possible; it also quotes the view that its original sense was “the other of a pair”.^(EWA|1, 241)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Old High German adverb ''anderes'' meant “otherwise, in another way, else”.^(Köbler AHD) It is first recorded in the Tatian (about 830), where ''anderes in zuouuarti hau in thana'' renders Luke 13:9, “otherwise cut it down”.^(DWB2|2, 808)^(Köbler AHD)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Middle High German ''anders'' meant “otherwise, else, besides”, and also “a second time”, a sense the Early New High German dictionary still records.^(Lexer 1872|1, 56)^(Köbler MHD)^(FWB) With interrogatives and indefinites it means “else”: ''wer anders'', ''wo anders'' were already used by Logau and Fleming.^(DWB|1, 311) Adelung describes the conditional use after ''wenn'' (“if indeed”) and the answer ''nicht anders'' “just so”.^(Adelung 1793) In the German of Namibia ''anders'' is also used as an adjective meaning “different, strange”, under Afrikaans influence.^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 830 – Old High German ''anderes'' in the Tatian.^(DWB2|2, 808)

+ * Early 11th century – Notker uses the form ''anderest''.^(DWB2|2, 808)

+ * 12th–13th century – Middle High German ''anders'' in the Nibelungenlied, Hartmann, Wolfram and Gottfried.^(Lexer 1872|1, 56)

+ * 15th century – ''anderst'' becomes increasingly common.^(FWB)^(Lexer 1872|1, 56)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|differently]], in another way: ''Das hätte ich anders gemacht.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Different, unusual: ''Seit dem Urlaub wirkt er ganz anders.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # Better, more pleasant: ''Mit etwas Glück wäre es anders ausgegangen.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # With pronouns and adverbs: [[m|en|else]]: ''Wer anders hätte das tun können?''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(colloquial)'' [[m|en|otherwise]], or else: ''Beeil dich, anders verpassen wir den Zug.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[anderswo]]

+ * [[anderswohin]]

+ * [[andersartig]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[anderer]]

+ * [[ändern]]

+ * [[anderthalb]]

+ * [[en|other]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}