ändern German · revision 35122

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1267|origins=ine-pro *ánteros}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈʔɛndɐn/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ändern''' (third-person singular present ändert, past tense änderte, past participle geändert, auxiliary haben)^(Wiktionary)

+ Luther's Bible spells it ''endern''.^(DWB|1, 311) Middle Low German had ''anderen'' and ''enderen''.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DWB2|2, 806)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|endern]] (also [[m|gmh|andern]]), formed from [[anderer]].^(Lexer 1872|1, 552)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DWB2|2, 806)^(Duden GWDS 1999) The same verb is [[gml|anderen]] and [[dum|anderen]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DWB2|2, 806) The Grimms' dictionary says that the verb is missing in Old and Middle High German, apart from [[m|gmh|verandern]],^(DWB|1, 311) but Lexer and the revised dictionary quote the Middle High German verb from the 13th century on.^(Lexer 1872|1, 552)^(DWB2|2, 806)

+

+ The adjective goes back through [[m|goh|ander]] to [[gem-pro|*anþeraz|t=other]] and [[ine-pro|*ánteros]], the same word as [[got|𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌰𐍂|tr=anþar]] and [[ang|ōþer]].^(Kluge 2011|43)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The earliest record in the revised Grimm dictionary is a document of 1267, ''swenne es sich endert'' “whenever it changes”.^(DWB2|2, 806) In Middle High German the verb meant “to change, alter”, also reflexive, and ''sich endern'' could mean “to move house” (1339) or “to marry again”.^(Lexer 1872|1, 552)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Luther's Bible has ''reiniget euch und endert ewre kleider'' (Genesis 35:2), where the verb means “to change (clothes)”.^(DWB|1, 311) Writers of the 17th and 18th centuries, such as Opitz, Haller and Voss, also used it intransitively for “to change, vary”;^(DWB|1, 311) Adelung rejected this use as not High German,^(Adelung 1793) but it survives in Switzerland.^(DWB2|2, 806)^(Duden GWDS 1999) A common phrase is ''daran ist nichts zu ändern'', “there is nothing to be done about it”.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(DWB|1, 311)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1267 – First record, in a document.^(DWB2|2, 806)

+ * 1282 – ''wan er sin leben wolde endern'' “for he wanted to change his life”.^(DWB2|2, 806)

+ * 1339 – ''sich endern'' “to move house”.^(Lexer 1872|1, 552)

+ * 16th century – Luther's Bible uses ''endern''.^(DWB|1, 311)

+ * 1787 – Pestalozzi uses the verb intransitively.^(DWB2|2, 806)

+ * 1793 – Adelung rejects the intransitive use.^(Adelung 1793)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|alter]], to [[m|en|modify]] in details: ''eine Hose kürzer machen und ändern lassen''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|change]], replace with something else: ''Sie änderte ihre Pläne.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(reflexive)'' To become different: ''Das Klima hat sich stark geändert.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Switzerland)'' Without ''sich'': to change: ''Die Preise ändern ständig.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[abändern]]

+ * [[Änderung]]

+ * [[umändern]]

+ * [[verändern]]

+ * [[Veränderung]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[anders]]

+ * [[anderer]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}