erinnern German · revision 35114

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1301–1319, Ottokar's Österreichische Reimchronik|origins=ine-pro *en}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * [ʔɛɐ̯ˈʔɪnɐn], [ʔɛɐ̯ˈʁɪnɐn]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''erinnern''' (third-person singular present erinnert, past tense erinnerte, past participle erinnert, auxiliary haben)^(Wiktionary)

+ An Upper and East Central German by-form ''erindern'' was used until the 18th century.^(DWB2|8, 1839)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|erinnern]], a prefixed form of [[m|gmh|innern|t=to remind, inform, teach]], which goes back to [[goh|innarōn]] and is derived from the Old High German comparative [[m|goh|innaro|t=inner, deeper]].^(Kluge 2011|255)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary) The verb first meant “to make someone aware of something”, to bring it inside the mind.^(Kluge 2011|255)^(Duden 7 2014|257) The adjective belongs to [[in]], from [[ine-pro|*en|t=in]].^(Duden 7 2007)

+

+ It was preceded by [[gmh|geinnern|t=to make aware, remind]] and perhaps [[m|goh|giinnaren]], a single 12th-century gloss translating [[la|aperiō|t=to open]].^(Pfeifer 1993) The EWA calls the link with the Middle High German verb doubtful in meaning but possible in form.^(EWA|5, 105) The Grimms point out that the verb presupposes a simple verb, as [[entäußern]] presupposes [[äußern]], and that Old High German also had [[m|goh|innōn]].^(DWB|3, 858) [[da|erindre]] and [[sv|erinra]] were modelled on the German verb.^(DWB|3, 858)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Middle High German ''geinnern'' “to make aware, remind, inform” is found from about 1165.^(Köbler MHD) The prefixed ''erinnern'' first occurs in Ottokar's ''Österreichische Reimchronik'' (1301–1319).^(Köbler MHD) In the earliest sense, “to inform, instruct”, it was often legal: an Augsburg ordinance of about 1368 obliges every burgher to ''erindern'' the council of any alliance offered to him.^(DWB2|8, 1839)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The oldest construction was ''jemanden einer Sache erinnern'' “to remind someone of something”, as in Luther's John 14:26, ''vnd euch erinnern alles des / das ich euch gesagt habe''.^(Paul 2002)^(DWB|3, 858) From the 16th century the genitive was sometimes replaced by ''an'', which grew more common in the 18th century.^(DWB2|8, 1839) The reflexive ''sich einer Sache erinnern'' kept the genitive into the 20th century, and today it is elevated.^(DWB2|8, 1839)^(Paul 2002) With an accusative of the thing, ''etwas erinnern'' came to mean “to point something out”;^(Paul 2002)^(Adelung 1793|1, 1904) Adelung already gives ''Dieses einzige will ich noch erinnern''.^(Paul 2002)^(Adelung 1793|1, 1904) The abstract noun [[Erinnerung]] is recorded from the 15th century.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2014|257)

+

+ Dutch ''herinneren'' (1644) is counted among German loans.^(LWP)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1165 – Middle High German ''geinnern'' is recorded.^(Köbler MHD)

+ * 1301–1319 – ''erinnern'' appears in Ottokar's ''Reimchronik''.^(Köbler MHD)

+ * c. 1368 – ''erindern'' “to inform” in an Augsburg ordinance.^(DWB2|8, 1839)

+ * 15th century – The noun ''Erinnerung'' is recorded.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 16th century – ''an'' first replaces the genitive of the thing.^(DWB2|8, 1839)

+ * 1644 – Dutch ''herinneren'' is recorded.^(LWP)

+ * 19th–20th century – Northern German uses ''etwas erinnern'' for ''sich an etwas erinnern''.^(DWB2|8, 1839)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(reflexive)'' To [[m|en|remember]], to recall something kept in memory: ''Ich erinnere mich gern an den Sommer in Italien.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To call something to mind, to bring back the memory of it: ''Die Gedenktafel erinnert an die Opfer des Krieges.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # To [[m|en|remind]] someone to do or not to forget something: ''Erinnere mich bitte an den Arzttermin.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To remind someone of something by [[m|en|resemblance]]: ''Der Duft erinnert mich an meine Kindheit.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # ''(dated)'' To put forward, to raise as an [[m|en|objection]].^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(colloquial, especially northern)'' To remember, without the reflexive pronoun.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Erinnerung]]

+ * [[erinnerlich]]

+ * [[zurückerinnern]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[inner]]

+ * [[innen]]

+ * [[in]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Beside ''sich an etwas erinnern'' there is the elevated ''sich einer Sache erinnern'';^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Paul 2002) Austrian and Swiss German also use ''sich auf etwas erinnern''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}