völlig German · revision 35110

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Middle High German|origins=ine-pro *pelh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈfœlɪç/, /ˈfœlɪk/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''völlig''' (strong nominative masculine singular völliger, not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+ Forms without umlaut, ''vollig'', are frequent in older New High German, as in Luther, and Alberus (1540) also has ''völlicht''.^(DWB|26, 667)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|de|voll|-ig]], already in Middle High German as [[m|gmh|vollec]] or [[m|gmh|vollic]].^(Wiktionary)^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(DWB|26, 667) The Grimms note that the Middle High German adjective is very rarely recorded and absent from Old High German, while [[m|gmh|volleclîch]] and the adverb [[m|gmh|volleclîche]] are frequent and go back to Old High German, so that the shorter form is probably the younger.^(DWB|26, 667) The modern word also took over the place of [[m|gmh|vollîch]].^(DWB|26, 667) Adelung compares [[goh|fulucho]], frequent in Otfrid, and [[nds|vullig]].^(Adelung 1793|4, 1233)

+

+ The base [[voll]] is [[gmh|vol]], [[goh|fol]], [[gem-pro|*fullaz|t=full]], the same word as [[got|𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌻𐍃|tr=fulls]] and [[en|full]].^(Kluge 2011|962)^(Wiktionary) It is an old participle, “filled”, of the root [[ine-pro|*pelh₁-|t=to fill]], and corresponds to [[la|plēnus]] and [[lt|pilnas|alt=pìlnas]].^(Kluge 2011|962)^(Duden 7 2020|911)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Middle High German ''vollec'' meant “full, complete”; in the poem ''Die Erlösung'' Jonah lies in the fish ''biz vollec an den dritten tac'' “until fully the third day”.^(DWB|26, 667)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In older New High German ''völlig'' was used much as ''voll'' is today, especially of things that can be measured or counted: Luther's Bible has ''mit volligem gewicht'' “with full weight” (Genesis 43:21), and Adelung still gives ''ein völliges Jahr''.^(DWB|26, 667)^(Adelung 1793|4, 1233) Adelung finds that use already receding, while the wider sense “complete in every degree”, as in ''völlige Gleichheit'', was common.^(Adelung 1793|4, 1233) He also records ''völlig'' for “stout, corpulent”, the only sense in which it was often compared, and Luther's ''völlig Gold'' for solid gold.^(Adelung 1793|4, 1233) Most of these uses have since passed to ''voll'' and ''vollkommen'', and the Grimms note that even the adverb, though very frequent, has a narrower range than in the older language.^(DWB|26, 667)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Middle High German – ''vollec'' is recorded, but rarely.^(DWB|26, 667)

+ * 16th century – Luther writes both ''vollig'' and ''völlig''.^(DWB|26, 667)

+ * 1540 – Alberus has the by-form ''völlicht''.^(DWB|26, 667)

+ * 1793 – Adelung records the sense “corpulent”.^(Adelung 1793|4, 1233)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|complete]], total, entire, with nothing lacking: ''Im Saal herrschte völlige Stille.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|completely]], entirely, totally: ''Ich bin völlig erschöpft.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[voll]]

+ * [[vollends]]

+ * [[vollkommen]]

+ * [[füllen]]

+ * [[Fülle]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}