manch German · revision 35099

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=8th century, Old High German|origins=gem-pro *managaz}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /manç/, [manç], [-ɲç]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''manch''' (indefinite pronoun and indefinite numeral; inflected ''mancher'', ''manche'', ''manches''; uninflected ''manch'' before an adjective or ''ein'')^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ The spelling with ''ch'' arose in Central German in Middle High German times, first at the end of the word; from the 15th century it spread inside the word (''mancher''), and after Luther, who used only such forms, it became general in the 16th century.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DWB|12, 1524)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|manec]], [[inh|goh|manag|t=many a, much]], [[inh|gem-pro|*managaz|t=many]].^(Kluge 2011|597)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary) The same word is [[got|𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐍃|tr=manags|t=much, many]], [[non|mangr]], [[ang|manig]] (now [[en|many]]), [[ofs|manich]] and [[osx|manag]], with [[nl|menig]] and [[sv|mången]].^(Kluge 2011|597)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kroonen 2013) The modern final /ç/ comes from the dialects that pronounce a final ⟨g⟩ as ⟨ch⟩; the old consonant is kept in [[mannigfach]] and [[mannigfaltig]].^(Kluge 2011|597)^(Wiktionary)^(Duden 7 2014|540)

+

+ Outside Germanic the closest words are [[cu|мъногъ|tr=mŭnogŭ|t=much, many]], [[ru|много|tr=mnógo|t=much]] and [[sga|menic|t=often]];^(Kluge 2011|597)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kroonen 2013) Pfeifer sets up [[ine-pro|*menegh-]] “abundant, many”, with variants.^(Pfeifer 1993) Kroonen holds that the forms cannot be reduced to one Indo-European source and favours a loan from a non-Indo-European language of northern Europe, supported by a matching Finnish word that cannot come from Germanic.^(Kroonen 2013)^(Wiktionary) Kluge also compares, with an unclear sound relation, [[la|omnis|t=all, every]] and [[hit|humant-|t=all]].^(Kluge 2011|597)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''manag'' is recorded from the 8th century in glosses and in the Benedictine Rule, Isidor, Tatian, Otfrid, Notker and other texts.^(EWA|6, 94)^(Kluge 2011|597) It meant “many a, much, great, mighty”, in the plural “many, numerous” and “people”, and glossed Latin ''multus'', ''plurimus'' and ''nonnullus''.^(EWA|6, 94)^(Schützeichel 2012|214)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The adjective with the sense “much, many”, which the noun [[Menge]] keeps, early came to be used as a pronoun, and in Early New High German this use prevailed.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2014|540) Paul still finds the old sense “many” in Wieland and Gottfried Keller and in emphatic ''so manch'' and ''gar manch''.^(Paul 2002) The uninflected ''manch'' before an adjective (''manch gutes Herz'') is old, while ''manch ein Held'' became widespread from the end of the 19th century, and southwestern German also has ''ein mancher''.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ''Mancherlei'' is a contracted genitive plural of Middle High German ''maniger leie'', recorded as ''mancherley'' in 1469, and ''manchmal'' “now and then” dates from the 16th century, found in Luther.^(Paul 2002)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 8th century – Old High German ''manag''.^(Kluge 2011|597)^(EWA|6, 94)

+ * 8th–9th century – The variant ''manīg''.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 10th century – ''managfaltīg'' “manifold”.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 15th century – The spelling ''ch'' spreads inside the word.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1469 – ''mancherley''.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 16th century – ''manchmal''; the ''ch'' forms become general after Luther.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DWB|12, 1524)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Pronoun===

+ # ''(singular, mancher, manche, manches; uninflected manch)'' [[m|en|many]] a, one person or thing that adds up with others of its kind to a considerable number: ''Manch einer hat das schon bereut.'';^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary) ''so manches Mal''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(plural, manche)'' [[m|en|some]], several, a number that is not small: ''Manche Gäste blieben bis Mitternacht.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[mancherlei]]

+ * [[manchmal]]

+ * [[mannigfach]]

+ * [[mannigfaltig]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Menge]]

+ * [[en|many]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}