Markt German · revision 35098

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=8th century, Old High German glosses|origins=la merx}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /markt/, [maʁkt], [maɐ̯kt]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Markt''' ''m'' (genitive Marktes or Markts, plural Märkte)^(Wiktionary)

+ In High German the word is masculine, but in Middle Low German usually neuter.^(DWB|12, 1644) Dialects and Goethe also have ''Mark'' without the final ''t''.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|market]], [[inh|goh|markāt]], [[bor|la-lat|marcātus]], a variant of [[la|mercātus|t=trade, purchase, market]], a noun from [[m|la|mercor|t=to trade]], from [[m|la|merx|t=goods, wares]].^(Kluge 2011|602)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|536) It is an early West Germanic loan, also in [[osx|markāt]], [[gml|market]] and [[nl|markt]];^(Duden 7 2020|536)^(Pfeifer 1993) [[ang|market]] and [[non|markaðr]] are taken by the Grimms and Wahrig to come through the continental Germanic languages rather than directly from Latin.^(DWB|12, 1644)^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch)^(Kluge 2011|602) The Grimms think Roman traders, the [[m|la|mercātor|alt=mercatores]] that Caesar already mentions among the Germans, brought the word.^(DWB|12, 1644)

+

+ The earliest glosses still show the Latin vowel /e/ beside forms with /a/.^(DWB|12, 1644) The Latin word survives in [[it|mercato]], [[es|mercado]] and [[fr|marché]].^(DWB|12, 1644)^(Kluge 2011|602) The origin of the Latin noun for “goods” is not certain.^(Duden 7 2020|536)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''markāt'' is found in glosses from the 8th century, where it renders Latin ''mercatus'' and ''nundinae'' “market day”, with ''jârmarchat'' “annual fair”;^(Köbler AHD)^(DWB|12, 1644)^(Kluge 2011|602) its senses were a market, market place, market stall and shop.^(Köbler AHD)^(Schützeichel 2012|216) Middle High German used it also for a market town, merchandise and the market price.^(Köbler AHD)^(FWB)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From the market place and the market as an event the word passed to the trading done there, and in the 19th century to “trade, commerce” in general (1859), with ''Weltmarkt'' in the early 19th century.^(Paul 2002) ''Marktflecken'' “market town” dates from the 14th century,^(Paul 2002) and ''Markt'' is still prefixed as a title to the names of such towns.^(Wiktionary) ''Seine Haut zu Markte tragen'' “to risk one's skin” is in Stieler (1691).^(Paul 2002)

+

+ After the Second World War came ''schwarzer Markt'' (1946–47), and ''Gemeinsamer Markt'' is a loan translation of French ''Marché Commun''.^(Paul 2002)^(Duden GWDS 1999) ''Supermarkt'' (second half of the 20th century) follows American English ''supermarket'',^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|536) and ''Markt'' alone now also names a supermarket or large store.^(Paul 2002)^(Wiktionary) Hungarian ''marha'' “cattle”, recorded in 1358, is a borrowing of this word.^(LWP)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 8th century – Old High German ''markāt'' in glosses.^(Kluge 2011|602)^(Köbler AHD)

+ * 1358 – Hungarian ''marha'' “cattle” is first recorded.^(LWP)

+ * 14th century – ''Marktflecken'' “market town”.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1691 – ''seine Haut zu Markte tragen'' in Stieler.^(Paul 2002)

+ * Early 19th century – ''Weltmarkt'' “world market”.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1946–47 – ''schwarzer Markt'' “black market”.^(Paul 2002)

+ * Second half of the 20th century – ''Supermarkt''.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|536)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|market]] held regularly in a set place, where traders sell everyday goods from stalls: ''Samstags gehen wir auf den Markt.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A market place, the central square of a town: ''Das Rathaus steht am Markt.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Supply and demand, the buying and selling of goods: ''ein neues Produkt auf den Markt bringen''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(in compounds)'' A large shop: [[Supermarkt]], ''Baumarkt''.^(Wiktionary)^(Paul 2002)

+ # A [[m|en|market town]], as a title before a place name.^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Jahrmarkt]]

+ * [[Wochenmarkt]]

+ * [[Marktplatz]]

+ * [[Marktflecken]]

+ * [[Supermarkt]]

+ * [[Weltmarkt]]

+ * [[Flohmarkt]]

+ * [[Marktlücke]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Marketender]]

+ * [[kommerziell]]

+ * [[en|market]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Der schwarze Markt'' is the illegal trade in forbidden or rationed goods, and ''der Gemeinsame Markt'' was the European Economic Community.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}