Aufgabe German · revision 35095

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1290|origins=gem-pro *gebaną}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈaʊ̯fˌɡaːbə/, [ʔaʊ̯fˌɡaː.bə]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Aufgabe''' ''f'' (genitive Aufgabe, plural Aufgaben)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|ūfgābe]], the noun of [[m|gmh|ūfgëben]], modern [[aufgeben]].^(Wiktionary)^(DWB2|3, 497)^(Pfeifer 1993) Middle Low German has [[m|gml|upgāve]].^(DWB2|3, 497) The verb is formed from [[auf]] and [[geben]], which is [[goh|geban]], from [[gem-pro|*gebaną|t=to give]], the same word as [[got|𐌲𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽|tr=giban]], [[non|gefa]] and [[ang|giefan]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(EWA|4, 112)

+

+ The further origin of the verb is not certain.^(Pfeifer 1993) It is usually connected with [[la|habeō|t=to have, hold]], [[sga|gaibid|t=takes, seizes]] and [[lt|gabenti|alt=gabénti|t=to convey]], from a root [[ine-pro|*gʰabʰ-|t=to seize, take]];^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Köbler AHD) Pfeifer explains the opposite meaning by a Germanic new formation that took the place of the inherited verb for “give” and was shaped as the counterpart of [[nehmen]].^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Middle High German noun is recorded from 1290 in charters, for the formal handing over of property before a court of aldermen.^(DWB2|3, 497) From 1333 it also means renunciation, as of a benefice.^(DWB2|3, 497)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The senses of the noun follow those of the verb.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Adelung 1793) In military language it was the surrender of a besieged town (1573), and later the handing in of a letter (Campe, 1807) or a telegram.^(DWB2|3, 497) The sense “problem set for solution” is recorded in 1533, of a riddle Samson could not solve, and in 1716 Christian Wolff defines the solution of a mathematical ''Aufgabe''; from this came the sense “task, duty”.^(DWB2|3, 497)^(Pfeifer 1993) Danish ''opgave'' is a calque of the word and Dutch ''opgave'' took over its sense, and English borrowed ''Aufgabe'' in 1902 as a term of psychology for an experimental task.^(Wiktionary)^(LWP)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1290 – ''ufgab'' “handing over of property” in a charter.^(DWB2|3, 497)

+ * 1333 – ''uffgobe'' “renunciation”.^(DWB2|3, 497)

+ * 1533 – First record of the sense “problem, riddle”.^(DWB2|3, 497)

+ * 1573 – “Surrender” of a fortress.^(DWB2|3, 497)

+ * 1716 – Christian Wolff uses it for a mathematical problem.^(DWB2|3, 497)

+ * 1807 – Campe records the handing in of a letter.^(DWB2|3, 497)

+ * 1902 – English borrows ''Aufgabe'' in psychology.^(LWP)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The handing in of something for dispatch or storage: ''die Aufgabe des Koffers am Schalter''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # A [[m|en|task]], [[m|en|duty]] or function: ''es ist seine Aufgabe, die Gäste zu begrüßen''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|problem]] to be solved: ''eine knifflige Aufgabe''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(usually plural)'' [[m|en|homework|alt=Homework]] for school: ''die Kinder sitzen über ihren Aufgaben''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # An arithmetic exercise.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # The giving up of something, such as resistance, a fight, plans or a business: ''die Aufgabe der Bäckerei fiel ihr schwer''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(sports, especially volleyball)'' The [[m|en|serve]].^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Abgabe]]

+ * [[Angabe]]

+ * [[aufgeben]]

+ * [[Beigabe]]

+ * [[Hingabe]]

+ * [[Übergabe]]

+ * [[Vergabe]]

+ * [[Vorgabe]]

+ * [[Gabe]]

+ * [[geben]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}