künftig German · revision 35075

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=late 8th century, Weißenburg Catechism|origins=ine-pro *gʷem-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈkʏnftɪç/, /ˈkʏnftɪk/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''künftig''' (strong nominative masculine singular künftiger, not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|künftic]], [[inh|goh|kumftīg]], formed [[af|goh|kumft|-īg|t1=coming, arrival]]: properly “about to come, characterised by coming”.^(Kluge 2011|549)^(Duden 7 2020|486)^(Duden GWDS 1999) The adjective exists only in German.^(Duden 7 2020|486)

+

+ The noun, the modern archaic [[Kunft]], is the abstract noun of [[kommen]], and survives in [[Ankunft]], [[Herkunft]], [[Abkunft]] and [[Zukunft]].^(Kluge 2011|549) Its /f/ is a glide between the old /m/ of the verb and the /t/ of the suffix; without it the same formation is [[non|samkund]], and Gothic has it too.^(Kluge 2011|549) The verb continues [[gem-pro|*kwemaną|t=to come]], from [[ine-pro|*gʷem-|t=to step, come]], also the source of [[la|veniō|t=I come]] and [[grc|βαίνω|tr=baínō|t=I go]].^(Kluge 2011|516)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''kumftīg'' is first recorded in the Weißenburg Catechism (perhaps about 790), and then in Otfrid, Notker and Williram, meaning “future, coming”.^(Köbler AHD)^(Adelung 1793) Adelung notes that the Isidor translation and the Benedictine Rule used other words for “future”.^(Adelung 1793)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In early use the sense of coming was still clearly felt: Christ “is künftig” to judge the living and the dead, and Middle High German says it of enemies who are approaching.^(DWB|11, 2648) From there the word came to mean simply “future”, of anything that will come or happen, as in ''die künftige Woche''.^(DWB|11, 2648)^(Adelung 1793) Adelung also records the adverb, “in time to come”, and ''ins künftige'' “in future”, and notes that a comparative is hardly ever used and a superlative only rarely.^(Adelung 1793)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 790 – Old High German ''kumftīg'' appears in the Weißenburg Catechism.^(Köbler AHD)

+ * 1060s – Williram's commentary on the Song of Songs uses it.^(Köbler MHD)^(Adelung 1793)

+ * c. 1150 – Middle High German ''künftic'' is used in the ''Kaiserchronik''.^(Köbler MHD)

+ * 1793 – Adelung records the adjective and the adverb ''künftig'' “in future”.^(Adelung 1793)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|future]], belonging to the time to come: ''künftige Generationen'', ''sein künftiger Chef''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Adverb===

+ # In future, from now on, [[m|en|henceforth]]: ''das Museum bleibt künftig montags geschlossen''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Kunft]]

+ * [[Zukunft]]

+ * [[zukünftig]]

+ * [[Ankunft]]

+ * [[Herkunft]]

+ * [[kommen]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}