Dienstag German · revision 35059

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=borrowing, calque|attested=13th century, Low German charters}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈdiːnsˌtaːk/, /ˈdiːnsˌtax/, /ˈdiːnsˌtaːx/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Dienstag''' ''m'' (genitive Dienstages or Dienstags, plural Dienstage)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|dienstac]], [[bor|gml|dingesdach]], a Low German and Lower Rhenish name that spread into High German.^(Kluge 2011|199)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden GWDS 1999) The same Lower Rhenish word is [[dum|dinxendach]] and [[nl|dinsdag]].^(Kluge 2011|199)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DWB2|6, 991)

+

+ The names of the weekdays were modelled on the Latin names of the planets and their gods, with native gods put in their place; the Latin model of this day was [[m|la|Mārtis diēs|t=day of Mars]], whence [[fr|mardi]] and [[it|martedì]].^(Kluge 2011|199)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|203) The first part of the Low German name is usually traced to [[la|Thingsus]], a byname of Mars on an altar inscription set up by Germanic soldiers in the 3rd century, read as “protector of the [[Ding|alt=thing]]” (the assembly).^(Kluge 2011|199)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|203)^(Duden GWDS 1999) Kluge notes that nothing else is known of this god, and that the name might instead mean “day on which the thing is held”.^(Kluge 2011|199) Pfeifer considers giving up the link with Thingsus and deriving the Lower Rhenish forms from the older [[gem-pro|*tīwas-dagaz]], with /t/ replaced by /d/ to remove the heathen god's name and an /n/ added after the names of other weekdays.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ That older name contains [[gem-pro|*tīwaz]], the god equated with Mars: [[non|Týr]], [[ang|Tīw]], [[goh|Ziu]].^(Kluge 2011|199)^(Pfeifer 1993) It is continued in [[non|týsdagr]], [[ang|Tīwesdæg]], [[ofs|tīesdei]] and [[m|goh|ziostag]], Alemannic [[Ziestag]], and in [[en|Tuesday]] and [[sv|tisdag]].^(Kluge 2011|199)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DWB2|6, 991) The god's name originally meant “divine” and corresponds to [[la|dīvus]]; it is closely related to the name of the Indo-European sky god, [[grc|Ζεύς|tr=Zeús]] and [[m|la|Iuppiter]].^(Kluge 2011|199) Bavarian [[Ergetag]] has another source again: a loan translation of [[grc|Ἄρεως ἡμέρα|tr=Áreōs hēméra|t=day of Ares]], probably brought by the Gothic mission.^(Kluge 2011|199)^(Paul 2002)^(Duden 7 2020|203)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The word is found from the 13th century in Dutch, Low German and western Central German: Low German charters of that century have ''dinsdag'', ''dinsedag'', ''dinstag'' and ''dingstag''.^(DWB2|6, 991)^(DWB|2, 1120) Middle High German ''dienstac'' is attested from the 13th century, among others in the ''Prosa-Lancelot'' (1240–1250).^(Köbler MHD)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From the Lower Rhine the word reached East Central German in the 14th century and then, slowly, the south, where it pushed out Alemannic ''Ziestag'' and Bavarian ''Ertag''; these survive in the dialects.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DWB2|6, 991)^(Duden 7 2020|203) Only from the second half of the 17th century is ''Dienstag'' the general form of the written language.^(DWB2|6, 991)^(Pfeifer 1993) In the 15th and 16th centuries the Upper Rhine had a mixed form ''zinstag''.^(DWB|2, 1120)^(Paul 2002) The bishopric of Augsburg also used ''Aftermontag'' “after-Monday”.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ The long vowel ''ie'' appears from about the 14th century and won through in the 17th, helped by a popular association with [[Dienst]] “service”.^(DWB2|6, 991)^(Paul 2002) Forms with a velar, such as ''dingstag'', lived on in Low German, Rhenish and East Central German and in the modern dialects.^(DWB2|6, 991)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 3rd century – An altar inscription names Mars Thingsus.^(Duden 7 2020|203)^(Paul 2002)

+ * 12th century – Old High German ''ziestag'' is recorded.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DWB2|6, 991)

+ * 13th century – Low German charters have ''dinsdag'', ''dingstag''.^(DWB|2, 1120)^(DWB2|6, 991)

+ * 14th century – The word spreads to East Central German, and spellings with ''ie'' appear.^(DWB2|6, 991)

+ * Second half of the 17th century – ''Dienstag'' becomes the general form of the written language.^(DWB2|6, 991)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|Tuesday]], the second day of the [[m|en|week]], between [[Montag]] and [[Mittwoch]]: ''Am Dienstag habe ich frei.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dienstags]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Ziestag]]

+ * [[Ergetag]]

+ * [[Ding]]

+ * [[en|Tuesday]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Bavarian and Austrian dialects still have ''Ertag'' or ''Erchtag'', and Alemannic dialects ''Zistig''.^(DWB2|6, 991)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}