Projekt German · revision 35054

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1670, Leibniz|origins=la iaciō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /pʁoˈjɛkt/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Projekt''' ''n'' (genitive Projektes or Projekts, plural Projekte, diminutive Projektchen n)^(Wiktionary)

+ In the 17th and 18th centuries it was spelled ''Project''.^(DFWB)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|prōiectum|t=something thrown forward]], the neuter past participle of [[m|la|prōiciō|t=to throw forward, stretch out]], from [[m|la|prō-]] and [[m|la|iaciō|t=to throw]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DFWB)^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary) Pfeifer calls it a learned nominalization of the Latin participle.^(Pfeifer 1993) Kluge, by contrast, sees it as a Neo-Latin latinization of [[fr|projet]], a derivative of [[m|fr|projeter|t=to plan]], which goes back to [[m|la|prōiectō|t=to drive out]], an intensive of the Latin verb.^(Kluge 2011|725) The Deutsches Fremdwörterbuch notes that the French word, itself formed only in the 16th century, lightened the meaning of the German word in the 18th century.^(DFWB) The same word is [[nl|project]], [[en|project]] and [[sv|projekt]].^(Kluge 2011|725)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record is in Leibniz in 1670: ''Das Project war schon gemacht'' “the plan had already been made”.^(DFWB) In the second half of the 17th century it was still rare and belonged to serious writing, meaning a plan, draft, proposal or intention.^(DFWB)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the 18th century the word became very frequent in all kinds of writing, a fashionable word, so that the 18th century could be called the century of projects.^(DFWB) In the 19th century it became less common again, and the dialects knew it only slightly.^(DFWB) The verb ''projektieren'' “to plan” dates from the 17th century.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kluge 2011|725)

+

+ Today it means above all a large planned or ongoing undertaking, such as a building project or a research project.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Pfeifer 1993) German passed the word on to [[pl|projekt]] and [[ru|проект|tr=proekt]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1670 – Leibniz uses ''Project''.^(DFWB)

+ * 17th century – ''projektieren'' appears.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 18th century – ''Projekt'' becomes a fashionable word.^(DFWB)

+ * 19th century – Its use declines again.^(DFWB)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|project]], a planned or already started undertaking, often on a large scale: ''Das Projekt soll in zwei Jahren abgeschlossen sein.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|plan]], a draft or [[m|en|scheme]].^(Duden Fremdwörterbuch 2007)^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[projektieren]]

+ * [[Projektleiter]]

+ * [[Bauprojekt]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[projizieren]]

+ * [[Projektion]]

+ * [[Projektil]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}