Preis German · revision 35050

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=late 12th century, Middle High German|origins=la pretium}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /pʁaɪ̯s/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Preis''' ''m'' (genitive Preises, plural Preise)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|prīs]], [[bor|fro|pris|t=praise, glory, reward, value, price]], from [[la|pretium|t=value, money, price, reward]].^(Kluge 2011|721)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2014|654)^(Paul 2002) Kluge names [[fr|prix]] as the source and dates the loan to the 13th century,^(Kluge 2011|721) while Paul and the Duden date it to the end of the 12th century.^(Paul 2002)^(Duden 7 2014|654) The same Old French word gave [[gml|prīs]], [[dum|prijs]] and [[enm|pris]], whence [[nl|prijs]] and [[en|price]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kluge 2011|721)

+

+ The verb [[preisen]] is [[m|gmh|prīsen]];^(Kluge 2011|721)^(Duden 7 2014|654)^(Pfeifer 1993) Kluge and the Duden take it from [[m|fro|preisier|t=to value, esteem; to praise]], itself from [[la-lat|pretiō|t=to value]], with its meaning drawn towards the noun, while Pfeifer sees a derivative of the noun influenced by the French verb.^(Kluge 2011|721)^(Duden 7 2014|654)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Middle High German ''prīs'' appears from about 1150–1170 in the ''Alexanderlied'' of Pfaffe Lamprecht, and then widely in courtly poetry.^(Köbler MHD) It meant praise, fame and honour, the recognition of excellence, especially in combat, and the reward given as its token, and also worth or value.^(Köbler MHD)^(Paul 2002)^(DWB|13, 2086) Walther, Hartmann's ''Iwein'', Wolfram's ''Parzival'' and the ''Nibelungenlied'' use it in phrases such as ''prîs erwerben'' “to win renown”.^(DWB|13, 2086)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Middle High German the word belonged to the vocabulary of courtly life: first “value”, then “praise”, “renown” and the prize of a tournament.^(Kluge 2011|721)^(Paul 2002) The commercial sense “sum paid for a thing”, already present in Latin and Old French, is first found in Middle Low German in the 15th century; under Dutch influence it spread to High German in the 16th century and became general from the 17th.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kluge 2011|721)^(Paul 2002) Before then the price of goods was expressed by [[Kauf]].^(Paul 2002) The phrase ''um jeden Preis'' “at any price” follows French ''à tout prix''.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ The sense “praise” survives mainly in elevated and religious language, while the sense “prize, award” is continued in compounds such as [[Preisträger]] and the [[Nobelpreis]], founded by Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901.^(Paul 2002)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden GWDS 1999) The verb [[preisen]] was at first weak; strong forms appear in late Middle High German, and weak ones survived in poetry into the 18th and 19th centuries (Gellert's ''dein Name sei gepreist'').^(Paul 2002)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kluge 2011|721)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1150–1170 – ''prīs'' is used in the ''Alexanderlied'' of Pfaffe Lamprecht.^(Köbler MHD)

+ * Late 12th century – Paul and the Duden date the borrowing from Old French.^(Paul 2002)^(Duden 7 2014|654)

+ * c. 1200 – ''prīs'' “renown” is common in Hartmann, Walther and Wolfram.^(DWB|13, 2086)

+ * 15th century – Middle Low German ''prīs'' takes on the sense “price of goods”.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)

+ * 16th century – The commercial sense reaches High German.^(Paul 2002)^(Duden 7 2014|654)^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch)

+ * 17th century – “Price” becomes the usual sense in general use.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1901 – The [[Nobelpreis]] is awarded for the first time.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|price]]: the sum of money to be paid for goods or a service.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(figurative)'' What one must give up or put up with to obtain something: ''Der Erfolg hatte seinen Preis''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # A [[m|en|prize]] or [[m|en|award]] for a winner or for special merit.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|reward]] offered for catching a wanted person.^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # ''(elevated)'' [[m|en|praise]], glory, especially of God.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Ehrenpreis]]

+ * [[Preiserhöhung]]

+ * [[Preisschild]]

+ * [[preiswert]]

+ * [[preiswürdig]]

+ * [[preisen]]

+ * [[Preisträger]]

+ * [[Nobelpreis]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|price]]

+ * [[en|prize]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Preis'' in [[preisgeben]] “to abandon, surrender” is a different word: Middle Low German ''prīs'' “booty”, borrowed in the 16th century from French ''prise'' “taking, capture”, and used in phrases like ''preis sein'' “to be booty”.^(DWB|13, 2090)^(FWB)^(Duden 7 2014|654) Fixed phrases with the main word are ''um jeden Preis'' “at all costs”, ''um keinen Preis'' “not at any price” and ''hoch im Preis stehen'' “to fetch a high price”.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}