Musik German · revision 35047

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=863–871, Otfrid|origins=grc Μοῦσα}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /muˈziːk/, [muˈziːk]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Musik''' ''f'' (genitive Musik, plural Musiken, diminutive Musikchen n)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|mūsic]], [[bor|la|mūsica|t=music]], in full [[m|la|ars mūsica]], from [[grc|μουσική|tr=mousikḗ]], short for [[m|grc|μουσικὴ τέχνη|tr=mousikḕ tékhnē|t=art of the Muses]], the feminine of [[m|grc|μουσικός|tr=mousikós|t=of the Muses]], from [[m|grc|Μοῦσα|tr=Moûsa|t=Muse]] (see [[Muse]]).^(Kluge 2011|642)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|571) Otfrid already took over the Latin word in the 9th century, but the EWA takes the Middle High German forms (also [[m|gmh|mūseke]]) and the modern word for fresh borrowings from Latin.^(EWA|6, 701)^(Pfeifer 1993) Middle Dutch, Middle English and Old Norse borrowed it as well, and the stress on the last syllable in Dutch and Frisian points to French influence.^(EWA|6, 701)

+

+ Until the 16th or 17th century the word was stressed on the first syllable; the stress on the last syllable, and the spelling ⟨Musik⟩, spread in the 17th century under the influence of [[fr|musique]].^(Duden 7 2020|571)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DFWB) Bavarian and other dialects keep the old stress, as in [[bar|Musi]].^(EWA|6, 701)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''musica'' is found only once, in Otfrid's Gospel Book (863–871), meaning “music”;^(EWA|6, 701)^(Köbler AHD)^(Schützeichel 2012|231)^(DWB|12, 2740) Notker also used the Latin word as the name of one of the seven liberal arts.^(EWA|6, 701)^(Köbler AHD)^(Schützeichel 2012|231)^(DWB|12, 2740) Middle High German ''mūseke'' appears from the end of the 13th century, in ''Reinfried von Braunschweig'' (after 1291).^(Köbler MHD)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Paul says the word at first meant chiefly the art of singing.^(Paul 2002) In learned speech the Latin form ''musica'' long remained in use, still in Luther's Bible and in Schupp, and ''Frau Musica'' survives as a jocular or archaising personification.^(DWB|12, 2740) From French ''musique'' came, in the 17th century, the senses “piece of music” and “performance of music”.^(Paul 2002)^(Duden 7 2020|571)^(DFWB) Colloquially, ''die Musik'' is also a band playing at an event.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Derivatives followed in the 16th century: ''Musikus'' about 1500, from Latin ''mūsicus'', ''musikalisch'' at the beginning of the 16th century, from Medieval Latin ''mūsicālis'', and ''musizieren'' about 1550.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002) ''Musikant'' “player for dances” followed in the second half of the 16th century, and ''Musiker'', now the usual professional term, about 1800.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|571) German [[Nachtmusik]] was borrowed into Hebrew, and English took ''Bühnenmusik'' as a technical term for music played on the stage of an opera.^(LWP)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 863–871 – Otfrid uses Old High German ''musica''.^(Köbler AHD)^(EWA|6, 701)

+ * After 1291 – Middle High German ''mūseke'' in ''Reinfried von Braunschweig''.^(Köbler MHD)

+ * c. 1500 – ''Musikus'' “musician” is borrowed from Latin.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1519 – The spelling ''Music'' appears in Lorenz Fries.^(DFWB)

+ * c. 1550 – ''musizieren'' “to make music” is recorded.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)

+ * 17th century – Final stress and the senses “piece of music, performance” come in from French.^(Paul 2002)^(Duden 7 2020|571)^(DFWB)

+ * c. 1800 – ''Musiker'' appears.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)

+ * Mid-20th century – ''Musical'' is taken over from American English.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|music]], the art of arranging sounds in [[m|en|melody]], [[m|en|harmony]] and rhythm.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Music as heard: a work or works of music, or music being played.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # Music as a school subject or a subject of study.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(colloquial)'' A band, especially one playing at an event: ''Die Musik spielt bis Mitternacht.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[musikalisch]]

+ * [[Musikant]]

+ * [[Musiker]]

+ * [[Musikus]]

+ * [[musizieren]]

+ * [[Musical]]

+ * [[Kammermusik]]

+ * [[Katzenmusik]]

+ * [[Zukunftsmusik]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Muse]]

+ * [[Museum]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Musik in jemandes Ohren sein'' (colloquial) is to be welcome news to someone, and ''Musik im Blut haben'' is to be born musical.^(Duden GWDS 1999) The proverb ''mit Musik geht alles besser'' “everything goes better with music” is recorded in the Duden.^(Duden GWDS 1999) Paul notes the compounds ''Katzenmusik'' “caterwauling” and ''Zukunftsmusik'' “music of the future, pipe dreams”.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}