November German · revision 35028

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=11th century|origins=la novem}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Austria: /noˈfɛmbɐ/^(Wiktionary)

+ * Germany: /noˈvɛmbɐ/^(Wiktionary)

+ * Switzerland: /noˈvɛmbər/, /noˈfɛmbər/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''November''' ''m'' (genitive Novembers or November, plural November)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|november]], [[bor|la|November]], the Roman name of the month, a derivative of [[m|la|novem|t=nine]].^(Kluge 2011|660)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2014|596) It was so called as the ninth month of the old Roman year, which began on the first of March.^(Kluge 2011|660)^(Pfeifer 1993) Wahrig calls the ending of unclear origin.^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch) The Latin numeral is related to [[neun]].^(Duden 7 2014|596)

+

+ The name was taken over early elsewhere too: [[osx|november]] occurs in a 10th-century homily,^(AWB|6, 1391) and [[got|𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂|tr=naúbaímbaír]] stands in a calendar of the 5th or 6th century, though Wiktionary notes that its reading is contested.^(DWB|13, 966)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary) The native name was [[goh|herbistmānōd|t=autumn month]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2014|596)^(Köbler AHD)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Kluge dates the German word to the 11th century.^(Kluge 2011|660) Middle High German ''november'' occurs in the Meinau natural history, which explains it “from ''novem'' and ''ymber''”, in Konrad von Megenberg, who calls it the eleventh month, and in the ''Elisabeth'' legend; in charters it is found from 1287.^(Lexer 1872|2, 117)^(DWB|13, 966)^(Köbler MHD)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The native ''herbistmānōd'', one of the month names associated with Charlemagne, could denote September, October or November and did not survive.^(Paul 2002)^(Köbler AHD) Hans Sachs also called November the ''wintermon'', and a few purists later proposed ''Nebelung'' or ''Nebelmond'' “mist month”.^(DWB|13, 966)^(Paul 2002) The Grimms' dictionary quotes compounds such as ''Novembersturm'', ''Novembertage'' and ''novemberlich'' from 19th-century writers, for whom November is the grey, stormy month.^(DWB|13, 966) After 1918 the political right used the name as a term of abuse for the Weimar Republic and its representatives, in compounds such as ''Novemberverbrecher'' and ''Novemberrepublik''.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 830–840 – The native name ''herbistmānōd'' is recorded.^(Köbler AHD)

+ * 10th century – Old Saxon ''november'' appears in a homily.^(AWB|6, 1391)

+ * 11th century – First record of the German ''november''.^(Kluge 2011|660)

+ * 1287 – ''November'' appears in charters.^(Köbler MHD)

+ * 20th century – ''Novemberverbrecher'' and ''Novemberrepublik'' become terms of abuse for the Weimar Republic.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|November]], the eleventh month of the year; abbreviated ''Nov.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[neun]]

+ * [[en|November]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}