richtig German · revision 35026

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 1000, Notker}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈʁɪçtɪç/^(Wiktionary)

+ * Austria, Southern-Germany, Switzerland: /ˈʁɪçtɪk/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''richtig''' (strong nominative masculine singular richtiger, comparative richtiger, superlative am richtigsten)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|rihtec]], [[inh|goh|rihtīg]], formed with the suffix [[-ig]].^(Kluge 2011|766)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary) Since the adjective first meant “straight, aligned by the plumb line”, Kluge and Pfeifer take its base to be the verb [[richten]], and think a derivation directly from the adjective [[recht]] less likely.^(Kluge 2011|766)^(Pfeifer 1993) The Duden, the Grimms' dictionary and Wiktionary derive it from that adjective, with which it agrees closely in its development of meaning.^(Duden 7 2020|695)^(DWB|14, 896)^(Wiktionary) Adelung allowed either base.^(Adelung 1793)

+

+ The Duden describes the word as confined to the German-speaking area;^(Duden 7 2020|695) Pfeifer adds [[gml|richtich]] and [[dum|rechtich]].^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''rihtīg'' is recorded around 1000 in Notker, meaning “straight, directed”: in his psalms ''rihtig werdan ze'' renders Latin ''dirigi ad'', to be directed towards God's commandments.^(Köbler AHD)^(Schützeichel 2012|261)^(DWB|14, 896) Middle High German ''rihtec'' meant “straight, put in proper order, good, upright”.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Köbler MHD)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The physical sense “straight” was always rare.^(DWB|14, 896) Gottfried's ''Tristan'' has ''eine rihtige slihte'' made out of a bend, and Luther's ''was krumm ist, soll richtig werden'' (Luke 3:5) still meant “straight”;^(DWB|14, 896)^(Adelung 1793)^(Paul 2002) Adelung called this sense obsolete in High German.^(DWB|14, 896)^(Adelung 1793)^(Paul 2002) Phrases like ''der richtige Weg'' show the transition to the modern meanings, and older ones like ''es ist richtig'' “it is agreed” and ''die Zeche richtig machen'' “to pay the bill” are now dated.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ Most present uses date from the 18th century: “correct, true”, the opposite of ''falsch'', “real, proper” (''ein richtiger Bauer''), and an intensifier (''sich richtig ausschlafen'').^(Paul 2002)^(Duden 7 2020|695) ''Sehr richtig!'' became a parliamentary interjection from the Frankfurt National Assembly of 1848 on, and the questioning ''…, richtig?'' at the end of a sentence probably spread through dubbed American films (English ''right?'').^(Paul 2002) The noun ''Richtigkeit'' dates from the first half of the 15th century and became common in the 18th, when ''berichtigen'' “to correct” also appeared.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002) Hungarian borrowed ''richtig'' “really” in 1764, and dialectal Czech and Polish have ''rychtyk''.^(LWP)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1000 – Old High German ''rihtīg'' in Notker.^(Köbler AHD)

+ * c. 1210 – Middle High German ''rihtec'' in Gottfried's ''Tristan''.^(Köbler MHD)^(DWB|14, 896)

+ * 1425 – ''Richtigkeit'' is first recorded.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1764 – Hungarian ''richtig'' “really” is recorded.^(LWP)

+ * 18th century – ''Berichtigen'' appears and most modern senses become established.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1848 – ''Sehr richtig!'' becomes a parliamentary interjection.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|correct]], true to the facts, not mistaken: ''die richtige Antwort''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Without error or [[m|en|inaccuracy]]: ''die Rechnung ist richtig'';^(Duden GWDS 1999) ''meine Uhr geht wieder richtig'' (keeps good time again).^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # Most suitable, [[m|en|appropriate]]: ''im richtigen Augenblick''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|real|alt=Real]], proper, genuine: ''ein richtiger Sommer''.^(Wiktionary)^(Paul 2002)

+ # ''(colloquial)'' In ''nicht (ganz) richtig (im Kopf) sein'': not quite in one's right mind.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|really|alt=Really]], thoroughly: ''wir haben uns richtig gefreut''.^(Wiktionary)^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Richtigkeit]]

+ * [[berichtigen]]

+ * [[aufrichtig]]

+ * [[richtigstellen]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[richten]]

+ * [[recht]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Richtig!'' and ''Sehr richtig!'' are used as replies expressing agreement.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Paul 2002) ''Richtig'' in the sense “correct” is the usual opposite of ''falsch''.^(Duden 7 2020|695)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}