Film German · revision 35025

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1891|origins=ang filmen}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈfɪlm/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Film''' ''m'' (genitive Filmes or Films, plural Filme, diminutive Filmchen n)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|en|film|t=thin skin, membrane; coating]], from [[ang|filmen|t=membrane, thin skin]], a word of the Germanic family of [[Fell]].^(Kluge 2011|294)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|268)^(DFWB) The Deutsches Fremdwörterbuch traces the Old English word to a West Germanic word for “skin”, and Wahrig compares [[ofs|filmene|t=skin]].^(DFWB)^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch)

+

+ The English word was applied to photographic film, which, as introduced by Edison and Eastman in 1889, was a mass dried on glass and then peeled off.^(Kluge 2011|294)^(Duden 7 2020|268) The name came into German with the thing, and later the original sense “thin layer” was borrowed as well.^(Kluge 2011|294)^(Duden 7 2020|268)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The word is first recorded in 1891, in a note on photography “with films” in a technical journal, meaning the sensitised strip on which photographs are taken.^(DWB2|9, 484)^(Paul 2002) An 1896 text says that such films can be used as well as glass plates.^(DFWB) Until the early 20th century the word often kept its English form and plural ''films''; plurals in ''-e'' prevailed from the 1920s.^(DWB2|9, 484)^(DFWB)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From the early 20th century the word mainly meant a motion picture, and by 1920 there were compounds such as ''Spielfilm'', ''Lehrfilm'' and ''Detektivfilm'';^(DFWB)^(Paul 2002)^(Pfeifer 1993) ''Stummfilm'' and ''Tonfilm'' are recorded from 1928.^(DFWB)^(Paul 2002)^(Pfeifer 1993) It also came to stand for the medium and the industry, as in ''Film und Fernsehen'' or ''beim Film arbeiten'';^(DWB2|9, 484)^(Paul 2002) ''Filmstar'' follows British English.^(DWB2|9, 484)^(Paul 2002) The verbs ''filmen'' and ''verfilmen'' belong to the 20th century.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|268) The sense “thin layer”, as in ''Ölfilm'', is recorded from the 1930s.^(DWB2|9, 484)^(Kluge 2011|294) ''Wie im Film'' describes something astonishing that really happens.^(Paul 2002) Hungarian took over ''film'' in 1894.^(LWP)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1889 – Edison and Eastman introduce photographic film.^(Kluge 2011|294)

+ * 1891 – First German record, in the sense “photographic film”.^(DWB2|9, 484)^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1896 – ''Films'' are recommended in place of glass plates.^(DFWB)

+ * 1913 – Kellermann's ''Der Tunnel'' describes a ten-minute film shown to an audience.^(DWB2|9, 484)

+ * 1920s – The plural ''Filme'' prevails over ''Films''.^(DWB2|9, 484)

+ * 1928 – ''Stummfilm'' and ''Tonfilm'' are recorded.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1936 – ''Film'' is used of a thin layer formed by drying oil.^(DWB2|9, 484)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A very thin continuous [[m|en|layer]]: ''ein feiner Film aus Staub''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A strip of light-sensitive material for taking [[m|en|photograph|alt=photographs]].^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|motion picture]], a sequence of moving images made for the cinema or television.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The film industry: ''zum Film wollen'' (to want to become a film actor).^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[filmen]]

+ * [[verfilmen]]

+ * [[filmisch]]

+ * [[Spielfilm]]

+ * [[Stummfilm]]

+ * [[Tonfilm]]

+ * [[Filmstar]]

+ * [[Ölfilm]]

+ * [[Filmriss]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Fell]]

+ * [[en|film]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Bei ihm ist der Film gerissen'' ''(colloquial)'' means that he has lost the thread or had a [[m|en|blackout]], whence ''Filmriss''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}