August German · revision 35020

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=late 8th century, Old High German glosses|origins=la augeō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /aʊ̯ˈɡʊst/, /ˈaʊ̯ɡʊst/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''August''' ''m'' (genitive August or Augusts or Augustes, plural Auguste)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|Augustus|t=August]], the month named by the Romans in honour of the emperor Octavian, who bore the title Augustus, “the exalted”.^(Kluge 2011|74)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2014|139) The title is a derivative of an s-stem in the family of [[m|la|augeō|t=to increase]].^(Kluge 2011|74)^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch) The new name replaced the older Latin one meaning “the sixth (month)”.^(Kluge 2011|74)

+

+ German borrowed the name twice.^(Paul 2002) [[goh|ougusto]] (also [[m|goh|agusto]]) was taken over early, through legal texts, and developed regularly into [[gmh|ougest]] and the shorter forms [[Augst]] and [[Aust]], which survive in dialects.^(Kluge 2011|74)^(Paul 2002)^(EWA|6, 1267) The chancery language of the 16th century introduced the Latin form anew, and it lost its Latin endings only in the 18th century.^(Paul 2002)^(Kluge 2011|74)^(Pfeifer 1993) The native name [[goh|aranmānōd|t=harvest month]], recommended under Charlemagne, could not establish itself, nor could the purist name Zesen proposed in 1648.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(EWA|6, 1267)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''ougusto'' and ''agusto'' are found in the Abrogans glossary at the end of the 8th century, where ''manot augusto'' renders the Hebrew month name Elul.^(DWB2|3, 911)^(AWB|7, 182)^(EWA|6, 1267) The spelling with ''a-'' may reflect the Vulgar Latin pronunciation ''Agustus''.^(EWA|6, 1267)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Middle High German ''ougest'' also meant “harvest time”, and this sense lives on in dialect forms such as Swiss and Alsatian ''Augst''.^(Köbler MHD)^(EWA|6, 1267)^(Pfeifer 1993) Hartmann's ''Iwein'' (about 1200) has ''ouwest'', and a charter of 1294 is dated ''an dem ersten tage ougesten''.^(DWB2|3, 911) In the 16th and 17th centuries Latin inflection was usual in dates, as in ''im Augusto'' “in August” or the genitive ''Augusti'' after the day.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DWB2|3, 911) Adelung in 1774 was among the first to use it without the Latin ending.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 8th century – Old High German ''agusto'' in the Abrogans glossary.^(DWB2|3, 911)

+ * c. 1200 – ''Ouwest'' in Hartmann's ''Iwein''.^(DWB2|3, 911)

+ * 1263 – ''Ougest'' appears in charters.^(Köbler MHD)

+ * 16th century – The chancery language reintroduces ''Augustus''.^(Paul 2002)^(Duden 7 2007)

+ * 1648 – Zesen proposes the purist ''Erndmahnd''.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1774 – Adelung uses ''August'' without the Latin ending.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|august|alt=August]], the eighth month of the year; abbreviated ''Aug.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Auktion]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The male given name ''August'', from the same Latin name, is a separate word.^(Adelung 1793)^(Wiktionary) From it comes ''dummer August'', a type of [[m|en|clown]] in the circus, which Paul dates to 1864 in an English circus;^(Paul 2002)^(DWB2|3, 911) French borrowed it as ''auguste'' (1889) and English as ''Auguste'' (1910).^(LWP)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}