planen German · revision 35012

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=18th century|origins=la planta}}

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+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈplaːnən/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''planen''' (third-person singular present plant, past tense plante, past participle geplant, auxiliary haben)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|de|Plan|-en|t1=plan, ground plan]], in the 18th century according to Pfeifer and in the 19th according to the Duden.^(Kluge 2011|709)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2007) The noun was borrowed in the 18th century from [[fr|plan]] and long kept its French pronunciation.^(Kluge 2011|709)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ Kluge and the Duden derive the French word from [[la|planta|t=sole of the foot]], so that the plan was properly a ground plan; the Duden adds that it followed [[it|pianta]], which means both “sole of the foot” and “ground plan of a building”, and only later merged with French ⟨plan⟩ “flat surface”.^(Kluge 2011|709)^(Duden 7 2007) Pfeifer instead takes French “plan” as a back-formation from the verb [[m|fr|planter|t=to set up, erect]], from [[m|la|plantō|t=to plant]].^(Pfeifer 1993) Either way the noun is related to [[Pflanze]].^(Kluge 2011|709)^(Pfeifer 1993)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The noun ''Plan'' is recorded at the beginning of the 18th century for the ground plan of a building or town, and in the transferred sense “basic idea, design, intention” from the second half of the century.^(Pfeifer 1993) The verb is recorded in the 18th century for making or working out a plan.^(Pfeifer 1993)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The Grimms' dictionary quotes the verb in the sense “to devise a plan” from a folk song collection and in Scheffel, and records Tyrolean ''planen'' “to forge plans”.^(DWB|13, 1887) In the mid-20th century ''Plan'' took on the sense of a binding plan for the national economy, following [[ru|план|tr=plan]].^(Pfeifer 1993) The adjectives ''planvoll'' and ''planlos'' are both from the 18th century.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Early 18th century – ''Plan'' is borrowed for a ground plan.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * Second half of the 18th century – ''Plan'' is used for “design, intention”.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 18th century – ''planen'', ''planvoll'' and ''planlos'' are recorded.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * Mid-20th century – ''Plan'' takes on the economic sense of Russian ''plan''.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|plan]], work out a plan for: ''eine neue Brücke planen''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To intend, have in mind: ''Wir planen, im Sommer nach Schweden zu fahren.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Planung]]

+ * [[Planer]]

+ * [[verplanen]]

+ * [[einplanen]]

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Plan]]

+ * [[Pflanze]]

+ * [[Plantage]]

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+ ==Usage notes==

+ An older verb of the same spelling, Old High German ''plānōn'', Middle High German ''plânen'' “to level, smooth”, borrowed from Latin ''plānāre'', is recorded in Notker and Veldeke; compare ''planieren''.^(Köbler AHD)^(DWB|13, 1887) The young Goethe also used ''planen'' “to hover” of birds of prey, after French ''planer''.^(DWB|13, 1887)

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}