fodio Latin · revision 3498

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *bʰodʰ-i-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈfɔ.di.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈfɔː.di.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fodiō''' (present infinitive fodere, perfect active fōdī, supine fossum); third (-iō variant) conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*foþ-i-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*bʰodʰ-i-|t=to poke, dig]].^(de Vaan 2008) Since Hittite, Latin, Balto-Slavic and Tocharian all have verbs with the o-grade, the formation may first have been iterative or intransitive.^(de Vaan 2008) The long /ō/ of the perfect [[m|la|fōdī]] is probably analogical, as in [[venio|alt=veniō]] : [[m|la|vēnī]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ Cognate with [[hit|padda-|t=to dig]], [[lt|bèsti|t=to stick, dig]], [[cu|бости|tr=bosti|t=to stab]] and [[xto|pātar|t=they ploughed]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus onwards,^(de Vaan 2008) where a cook regrets not having stabbed someone in the side.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Plautus it meant to pierce, prick or stab, as well as to dig a garden or sink a well.^(OLD 2012) It meant to dig over and work land, to work mines, to dig trenches and pits, and to dig up and quarry, as in Pliny's nard dug up when it loses its leaves.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Figuratively it meant to goad or sting.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Its participle gave [[fossa]] “ditch” and [[fossilis]] “dug up”, the source of English ''fosse'' and, through French, ''fossil'' in the 1610s.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Etymonline) It survives as French ''fouir'' “to dig”.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of stabbing, digging a garden and sinking a well.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of digging over a vineyard and garden.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of working mines and digging foundations.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1610s – English ''fossil'' comes from its derivative ''fossilis''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To pierce, prick, prod, [[m|en|stab]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|dig]], dig over (land); to work (mines).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To make by digging (trenches, wells).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To dig up; to [[m|en|quarry]], mine.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To goad, sting, disturb.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[affodiō]]

+ * [[circumfodiō]]

+ * [[cōnfodiō]]

+ * [[dēfodiō]]

+ * [[effodiō]]

+ * [[fodīna]]

+ * [[fossa]]

+ * [[fossīcius]]

+ * [[fossilis]]

+ * [[fossiō]]

+ * [[fossō]]

+ * [[fossor]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fossātus]]

+ * [[fossula]]

+ * [[en|fossil]]

+ * [[en|fosse]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}