erscheinen German · revision 34973

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=late 8th century, Old High German glosses|origins=gem-pro *skīnaną}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ɛɐ̯ˈʃaɪ̯nən/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''erscheinen''' (class 1 strong, third-person singular present erscheint, past tense erschien, past participle erschienen, auxiliary sein)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|erschīnen]], [[inh|goh|irskīnan]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*uʀskīnan]], formed with the prefix [[er-]] from the verb that is now [[scheinen]].^(Wiktionary)^(DWB2|8, 2112)^(Köbler AHD) Köbler reconstructs [[gem-pro|*uzskeinan|t=to shine forth]].^(Köbler AHD) The same formation is [[gml|erschīnen]], [[dum|erscinen]] and [[ang|āscīnan]], while Gothic has no such compound.^(DWB2|8, 2112)^(DWB|3, 955)

+

+ Middle High German also had a weak causative [[m|gmh|erscheinen|t=to make shine, show]], [[m|goh|irskeinen]], formed from [[goh|skeinen|t=to show]]; when the strong and weak verbs merged in the New High German form, the transitive sense was largely lost.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DWB|3, 957)^(DWB2|8, 2120)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''irskīnan'' is recorded in glosses of the last quarter of the 8th century and in Notker and Otfrid, meaning “to appear, become manifest, shine forth”.^(Köbler AHD)^(Pfeifer 1993) In the Murbach Hymns (early 9th century) Christ as the light is asked to shine on the senses (''thu lioht arskin huctim'').^(DWB2|8, 2112)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The Grimms saw in all senses the idea of becoming visible in light, since the simple verb meant “to shine”.^(DWB|3, 955) Paul, however, found nothing left of the original sense: ''erscheinen'' simply means “to become visible”.^(Paul 2002) It was used of the sun, stars and comets rising, of the day dawning (''dô diu naht het ende und dër tac erschein'' in the Nibelungenlied), and of God and angels, very often in Luther's Bible.^(DWB|3, 955)

+

+ From “to show oneself” came the use for persons who present themselves where they are expected, especially before a court.^(Paul 2002)^(Adelung 1793) A book ''erscheint'' when it is put on sale.^(Paul 2002) The weak transitive verb, mostly in Upper German and Swiss legal language, survived until the early 18th century.^(DWB2|8, 2120) Goethe and Schiller sometimes joined the verb directly to a predicate, like ''scheinen'', which Paul considers outside general usage; ordinary use links the predicate with ''als''.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 8th century – Old High German ''irskīnan'' appears in glosses.^(Köbler AHD)

+ * Early 9th century – The Murbach Hymns use the verb.^(DWB2|8, 2112)

+ * Before 1022 – Notker uses both ''irskīnan'' and the weak ''irskeinen''.^(DWB2|8, 2112)^(DWB2|8, 2120)

+ * Late Middle High German – ''Erscheinung'' (''erschînunge'') is formed.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)

+ * Early 18th century – The last records of the weak transitive verb.^(DWB2|8, 2120)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|appear]], become visible: ''Ein Schiff erschien am Horizont.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To appear in a dream or as a [[m|en|vision]].^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # To present oneself where one is expected, to turn up: ''vor Gericht erscheinen''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # Of a book or periodical, to be [[m|en|publish|alt=published]], to come out.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To seem, to appear in a particular way: ''Das erscheint mir sinnvoll.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Erscheinung]]

+ * [[Erscheinen]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[durchscheinen]]

+ * [[Schein]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}