Schüler German · revision 34968

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=9th century, Old High German|origins=grc σχολή}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈʃyːlɐ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Schüler''' ''m'' (genitive Schülers, plural Schüler, feminine Schülerin)^(Wiktionary)

+ Older New High German often had the unumlauted form ''schuler'', still usual in Upper German dialects; the umlauted ''Schüler'' became more frequent in the written language from the 17th century and is now the only standard form.^(DWB|15, 1937)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|schuolære]], [[inh|goh|scuolāri]], an agent noun formed [[af|goh|scuola|-āri]] (the ancestor of [[Schule]]), probably under the influence of [[la-lat|scholāris|t=belonging to the school]].^(Kluge 2011|829)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary DE) Wiktionary and the Duden dictionary derive it directly from [[la-med|scholāris]].^(Wiktionary)^(Duden GWDS 1999) The Grimms' dictionary also takes it as a reshaping of the Latin adjective.^(DWB|15, 1937)

+

+ The noun [[m|goh|scuola]] was borrowed, probably around the 6th century, from Late Latin [[m|la|schola|t=school]] after its vowel had been lengthened, as the Old High German diphthong /uo/ shows.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kluge 2011|829) The Latin word comes from [[grc|σχολή|tr=skholḗ|t=leisure; learned talk; place of lectures]], a formation with an l-suffix belonging to the aorist of [[m|grc|ἔχω|tr=ékhō|t=to have, hold]].^(Kluge 2011|829)^(Pfeifer 1993) [[ang|scōl]] and [[non|skóli]] were borrowed from Latin in the same way.^(Kluge 2011|829)^(AWB)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''scuolāri'' appears in the 9th century;^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Köbler AHD) Köbler records it five times, with the senses “pupil, scholar, disciple”.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Köbler AHD) Adelung found it as early as Otfrid, in the form ''scular''.^(Adelung 1793) The Grimms' dictionary suggests that it first named the inmates of the monastery schools, chiefly future clergy, and then any learned man.^(DWB|15, 1937)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In older German the word also covered students at a university: a Middle High German tale speaks of a ''schuoler'' who had gone to Paris for learning.^(DWB|15, 1937) The ''fahrender Schüler'' (from about 1400 ''farender scholer'') was the wandering student who moved from one university to another, after Medieval Latin ''scholares vagi''.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden GWDS 1999) Middle High German also used it for a young cleric or an assistant priest.^(Köbler MHD)

+

+ Around 1800 Adelung observed that the word had narrowed to those learning the rudiments in the lower schools, so that it was no longer said of university students, while in the widest sense it still named anyone who followed a teacher or master, as Raphael's pupils.^(Adelung 1793) Both uses survive: the schoolchild and the disciple of a master or a school of thought.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 9th century – Old High German ''scuolāri'' is recorded.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * About 1190 – Middle High German ''schuolære'' in Tundalus.^(Köbler MHD)

+ * 1362 – A Strasbourg chronicle names the ''schůlern'' among the clergy expelled from the city.^(DWB|15, 1937)

+ * About 1400 – ''farender scholer'' “wandering student” is recorded.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 17th century – The umlauted ''Schüler'' becomes frequent in the written language.^(DWB|15, 1937)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|pupil]], a boy or young person who attends a [[Schule|alt=school]]: ''ein fleißiger Schüler''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|disciple]], someone trained by a master in an art or science who follows his teaching or style: ''ein Schüler Dürers''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(historical)'' ''fahrender Schüler'': a wandering student of the Middle Ages.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Schülerin]]

+ * [[schülerhaft]]

+ * [[Schülerschaft]]

+ * [[Mitschüler]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Schule]]

+ * [[Scholar]]

+ * [[schulen]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}