natürlich German · revision 34964

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 1000, Notker|origins=la nāscor}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /naˈtyːʁlɪç/, [naˈtʰyːɐ̯lɪç]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''natürlich''' (strong nominative masculine singular natürlicher, comparative natürlicher, superlative am natürlichsten)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|natiurlich]], [[inh|goh|natūrlīh]], formed [[af|goh|natūra|-līh]] in Old High German, the base being the noun that became [[Natur]].^(Wiktionary)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Köbler AHD) The Middle High German variant with -iu- shows the influence of [[fro|nature]] on the noun.^(Pfeifer 1993) The noun is borrowed from [[la|nātūra|t=birth; nature]], from the participle of [[m|la|nāscor|t=to be born]].^(Kluge 2011|650)^(Pfeifer 1993) In nearly all its uses the German noun follows the senses already present in Latin.^(Pfeifer 1993) [[nl|natuurlijk]] and [[sv|naturlig]] were formed in the same way.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''natūrlīh'' is first found in Notker, around 1000, meaning “natural, in accordance with nature, innate, given by nature, real”.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Köbler AHD)^(Schützeichel 2012|234)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Middle High German ''natūrlich'' also meant “bodily, sensual” and “belonging to the realm of nature”.^(Köbler MHD) In Early New High German it often stood where a compound with ''Natur-'' is used today: ''natürliches Recht'' for ''Naturrecht'', ''natürliche Geschichte'' for ''Naturgeschichte'', and ''natürliche Kunst'' or ''natürlicher Meister'' for natural philosophy and the natural philosopher (voc. 1482).^(DWB|13, 455)^(FWB)

+

+ The adverb, Old High German ''natūrlīcho'', first meant “in a natural way, by the force of nature”, as opposed to “miraculous” or “artificial”.^(DWB|13, 459) From “as is natural” came the modern sentence adverb “of course, obviously”, used in answers and in concessions.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Pfeifer 1993) An ''uneheliches'' child was once called a ''natürliches Kind'', a legal term now dated.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * About 1000 – Old High German ''natūrlīh'' in Notker.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Köbler AHD)

+ * First half of the 13th century – Middle High German ''natūrlich'' in ''Wolfdietrich B''.^(Köbler MHD)

+ * 1482 – A vocabulary glosses ''naturlich kunst'' as Latin ''physica'' and ''philosophia naturalis''.^(DWB|13, 455)

+ * 17th century – ''Naturell'' is borrowed from French ''naturel''.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|natural|alt=Natural]], found in nature, not [[m|en|artificial]]: ''ein natürlicher See''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Following the laws of nature: ''eines natürlichen Todes sterben''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # True to life: ''in natürlicher Größe''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # [[m|en|innate|alt=Innate]], inborn: ''ihre natürliche Haarfarbe''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # Grounded in human nature or in the nature of a thing; [[m|en|logical]], to be expected: ''es ist ganz natürlich, dass sie sich freut''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # Unaffected, [[m|en|unpretentious]]: ''ein natürliches Benehmen''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ ===Adverb===

+ # Of course, [[m|en|naturally]]: ''Kommst du? – Natürlich!''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # As expected: ''der Zug hatte natürlich Verspätung''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # Admittedly, before a restriction: ''das ist natürlich schön, aber teuer''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Natürlichkeit]]

+ * [[unnatürlich]]

+ * [[übernatürlich]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Natur]]

+ * [[Naturell]]

+ * [[Naturalien]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Colloquially the adverb is shortened to ''’türlich''.^(Wiktionary) The Lehnwortportal records the German word as a loan in English and, between 1914 and 1918, in French as ''naturlich''.^(LWP)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}