voll German · revision 34963

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=8th century, Old High German|origins=ine-pro *pl̥h₁nós}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /fɔl/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''voll''' (strong nominative masculine singular voller, comparative voller, superlative am vollsten)^(Wiktionary)

+ Older New High German often had umlauted comparatives, ''völler'', ''völlest''.^(EWA|3, 445)^(Adelung 1793) The stem is spelt with v before o and ö (''voll'', ''Völlerei'') but with f before ü (''füllen'', ''Fülle''), because v is not written for /f/ before u and ü.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|vol]], [[inh|goh|fol]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*full]], [[inh|gem-pro|*fullaz|t=full]].^(Kluge 2011|962)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary) The same adjective is [[got|𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌻𐍃|tr=fulls]], [[non|fullr]], [[ang|full]], [[ofs|ful]] and [[osx|ful]], and today [[nl|vol]], [[en|full]] and [[sv|full]].^(Kluge 2011|962)^(Orel 2003)^(EWA|3, 445)

+

+ It continues [[ine-pro|*pl̥h₁nós|t=filled]], an old participle in -no- of the root [[ine-pro|*pelh₁-|t=to fill]], which also gave [[sa|पूर्ण|tr=pūrṇá|t=full]], [[lt|pilnas|alt=pìlnas]], [[cu|пльнъ|tr=plĭnŭ]], [[sga|lán]] and, with another ablaut grade, [[la|plēnus]].^(Kluge 2011|962)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Orel 2003)^(Wiktionary) In Germanic the group -ln- was assimilated to -ll-.^(Pfeifer 1993) The verb of the same root is seen in [[grc|πίμπλημι|tr=pímplēmi|t=to fill]] and [[la|pleō|alt=-pleō|t=to fill]].^(Kluge 2011|962)^(Pfeifer 1993) The words [[viel]] and [[Volk]] are also connected with this root.^(Kluge 2011|962)^(Duden 7 2020)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''fol'' is recorded from the last quarter of the 8th century in glosses and in the Benediktinerregel, and then in Isidor, Tatian, Otfrid and Notker.^(Köbler AHD)^(Schützeichel 2012) It meant “full, filled”, also “pregnant, laden”, and figuratively “meaningful, perfect, complete”.^(EWA|3, 445)^(Schützeichel 2012|108)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Middle High German ''vol'' also meant “satiated” and “drunk”, uses that live on colloquially.^(Köbler MHD)^(Paul 2002) What a thing is full of was first put in the genitive, as in Luther's ''sie sind voll süßen Weines''; later the uninflected noun took its place (''ein Beutel voll Geld''), or ''von'', and the fixed form ''voller'' became the usual predicative form (''der Saal ist voller Leute'').^(Paul 2002)^(EWA|3, 445) As the second element of compounds ''-voll'' forms many adjectives of quality, the opposite of ''-los'': ''ehrenvoll'', ''gefühlvoll'', ''wertvoll''.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ Derivatives include ''vollends'' (17th century), ''vollständig'' (16th century) and ''Vollmacht'', a loan translation of Latin ''plēnipotentia'' first recorded in the 14th century.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020) Among younger speakers ''voll'' is used colloquially as an intensifier, “really, totally”.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 8th century – Old High German ''fol'' in glosses and the Benediktinerregel.^(Köbler AHD)^(Kluge 2011|962)

+ * 1060–1065 – Middle High German ''vol'' in Williram.^(Köbler MHD)

+ * 14th century – ''Vollmacht'' is formed after Latin ''plēnipotentia''.^(Duden 7 2020)

+ * 16th century – ''vollständig'' is recorded.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020)

+ * 17th century – ''vollends'' with adverbial -s.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020)

+ * 18th century – ''Vollblut'' “thoroughbred horse”, after English ''full-blood''.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|full|alt=Full]], filled so that nothing more fits in: ''ein voller Korb''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Crowded: ''die Straßenbahn war sehr voll''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # With a noun: full of, covered with: ''ein Glas voll Wasser'', ''ein Hemd voller Flecken''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Paul 2002)

+ # ''(colloquial)'' [[m|en|satiated|alt=Satiated]], having eaten enough.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(colloquial)'' [[m|en|drunk|alt=Drunk]].^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # Complete, entire: ''eine volle Stunde''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # Rounded, plump; rich in tone or flavour: ''ein volles Gesicht'', ''ein voller Klang''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ ===Adverb===

+ # Fully, completely: ''voll verantwortlich''.^(Wiktionary)^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # ''(colloquial, chiefly among the young)'' Very, really: ''das war voll gut''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[proppenvoll]]

+ * [[sinnvoll]]

+ * [[völlig]]

+ * [[Vollkorn]]

+ * [[Vollmond]]

+ * [[Volltreffer]]

+ * [[wertvoll]]

+ * [[vollends]]

+ * [[vollständig]]

+ * [[vollkommen]]

+ * [[Vollmacht]]

+ * [[vollstrecken]]

+ * [[Vollblut]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Fülle]]

+ * [[füllen]]

+ * [[viel]]

+ * [[Volk]]

+ * [[en|full]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Jemanden nicht für voll nehmen'' “not to take someone seriously” comes from the old coinage: a coin was taken ''für voll'' when its weight and metal met the legal standard.^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}